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Most everyone knows that alcohol impairs mental and physiological functions, but what actually goes on at the cellular level when you drink a beer?
大多數(shù)人都知道啤酒會削弱人的心理和生理功能，但當(dāng)你喝酒時，在細(xì)胞層次上到底在發(fā)生著什么？
Alcohol interferes with the normal function of your brain cells. Under normal circumstances, each of your brain cells allows various substances, such as sodium, calcium and potassium to permeate its outer cell membrane. Once inside the brain cell, these substances help give the cell stimulus it needs to function properly. Then they leave the cell and allow another set of these substances to begin the cycle again.
酒精會干擾大腦細(xì)胞的正常功能。在正常情況下，每個大腦細(xì)胞允許鈉，鈣，鉀等物質(zhì)通過外層細(xì)胞膜。進(jìn)入腦細(xì)胞后，這些物質(zhì)能夠通過給腦細(xì)胞提供必要的刺激來幫助腦細(xì)胞正常運(yùn)作。然后它們離開細(xì)胞，讓新的一組物質(zhì)取而代之，開始新的循環(huán)。
The millions of cells that make up your brain are continually allowing these substances to penetrate their membranes and then expelling these same substances later. All of this action allows the brain to interpret and transport messages. Alcohol consumption prevents sodium from being able to cross brain cell membranes. Once even this part of the cycle breaks down, brain functions become impaired.
數(shù)以百萬計的腦細(xì)胞不斷地讓這些物質(zhì)穿過細(xì)胞膜，之后又將它們排放出去。所有的這些過程都能幫助大腦處理和傳輸信息。酒精能阻止鈉進(jìn)入腦細(xì)胞膜。一旦這部分循環(huán)停滯了，腦功能就會受損。
You can notice the affects of this break down after a single drink. Even if you’ve had just one drink, your ability to respond to stimulus decreases and your reaction time slows down. If you’re driving, you might see a car stop, and know that you need to slam on the brakes, but the pathway in your brain that processes this information and causes you to respond to it will be working in slow motion.
這個循環(huán)的停滯會造成多大危害呢？喝過一次酒后你就能注意到。即使你剛喝一杯，你對刺激的反應(yīng)能力就會下降，你的反應(yīng)就會變慢。如果你在開車，你可能看到一輛車停下了，而且你知道這時你需要急剎車。但是，大腦中處理信息，讓你對此作出反應(yīng)的神經(jīng)中樞卻在短路。
