評論
打印
為什么冬天會打雷呢？大家知道，雷電是雷雨云中的放電現象。這種云的底部離地面約1公里高，一般云頂帶正電荷，云底帶負電荷，相應的地面也產生與云底電荷相反的感應電荷。由于對流作用，云上下運動，云內的冰晶相互摩擦使電荷逐步增多，云的內部、云與云、云與地面之間的同電荷區形成了很強的電場，電場達到一定強度就要相互中和而發生放電，在光的通路上產生高溫，使四周空氣劇烈受熱，突然膨脹，發生巨大的響聲，這就是雷鳴。
【英文原文】
It's a common enough sound in summer, after the wind finally picks up on a hot and humid afternoon, as the rain starts spattering down in big, fat drops--you're in for a full-blown thunderstorm.
It's much less common in winter, even during a snow storm. Why is thunder so much more likely in summer than in winter? We'll learn about thunder snow, on today's Moment of Science.
In a summer thunder storm, the atmosphere is stacked up like a two-layer cake. The lower layer is full of warm, moist air; the upper layer is icy cold and dry. Because hot air rises, there are soon tremendous updrafts, carrying the warm moisture of the lower layer up into the cold, dry layer. The turbulence of these updrafts creates static electricity as the air masses rub against each other. Thunder and lightning occur when the static electricity discharges in a giant bolt of electricity.
In the winter, the layer of air near the ground is likely to be a lot colder and drier than it is in the summer. It's much harder to get the sharp divisions in the atmosphere that lead to turbulence, static electricity, and thunder. It can happen though, especially near the coast. A thunderstorm can form over the relatively warm and moist air over the ocean, then move into the icy atmosphere over the land. When this happens, you'll get a sharp atmospheric division in a snow storm, and you'll get a thunder snow.
