One of the world's most popular foods along with the hamburger, fried chicken, and milk shakes is pizza. Although the origin of the first three foods is well understood, that of pizza —— until recently, anyway —— was for a long time an international controversy.
和漢堡包、炸雞以及奶昔一樣,比薩是世界上最受歡迎的食物之一。雖然前面三種食物的起源甚為明了,比薩的起源長(zhǎng)――總之一直到最近――長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)在國(guó)際間一直引發(fā)爭(zhēng)議。
The word pizza has always been known to mean pie or cake, and is an Italian word. This fact alone might suggest pizza's origins. However, some years ago in New York City, a Chinese restaurateur challenged the Italian ethnicity of pizza by declaring that pizza was originally a Chinese food, but was then taken along with pasta by Marco Polo back to Italy. It seemed the question would never be solved.
比薩這個(gè)字向來(lái)被認(rèn)為是派或蛋糕的意思,而且它是意大利文,光是這一點(diǎn)也許就暗示了比薩的起源。然而幾年前紐約市有一家中國(guó)餐館的老板對(duì)比薩的意大利“血統(tǒng)”提出質(zhì)疑,他宣稱(chēng)比薩原本是中國(guó)食物,但后來(lái)和面食一起被馬可波羅帶回意大利。當(dāng)時(shí)這個(gè)問(wèn)題似乎永遠(yuǎn)也解決不了。
The case actually made itself into court (only in America!). Italian restaurateurs challenged the Chinese businessman's view, but when all the evidence was in, the result was announced by a judge: as early as the Roman Empire, pizza was baked in ovens there and eaten. Chinese normally steam or fry their foods, not bake them. Bread and other baked goods to which pizza belongs were developed from India through Europe where they are still enjoyed today. Besides, cheese is an essential element of pizza, and the Chinese traditionally did not produce cheese. The case was closed, and pizza's paternity has now been established.
實(shí)際上,這場(chǎng)官司還鬧上了法庭(也只有在美國(guó)才會(huì)!)。意大利餐館的老板們質(zhì)疑那位中國(guó)商人的看法,不過(guò)在取得所有證據(jù)時(shí),法官宣布了以下的結(jié)果:早在羅馬帝國(guó)時(shí)代,比薩就被放在火爐上烘烤來(lái)吃。中國(guó)人通常把食物拿來(lái)蒸或炒,而不用烘烤的。面包和比薩所屬的烘焙食品早先在印度發(fā)展而后傳到歐洲,至今在當(dāng)?shù)厝詮V受喜愛(ài)。此外,奶酪是做比薩不可或缺的材料,而傳統(tǒng)上中國(guó)人并沒(méi)有生產(chǎn)奶酪。本案終結(jié),比薩的法定身分如今已然建立。
For pizza lovers, of course, their favorite food might have been invented in Argentina or Indonesia. Who cares? Indeed, pizza has changed as it has spread around the globe, so that when ordering a pizza in Honolulu, New York, Paris, Istanbul, New Delhi, or Tokyo, you are sure to receive a slightly different version in each city or country. Pizza known to Italians and New Yorkers (where pizza was first introduced into the United States by the many Italian Americans living there) is a round, thin-crusted baked dish covered with tomato sauce and cheese. To improve the taste, pieces of Italian sausages such as pepperoni and salami, and vegetables like onions, green peppers and olives are added. Occasionally, anchovies, small, salty fish, are also used. However, Asians enjoy pizza with corn, cucumbers, and other vegetables, not to mention assorted seafood. Hawaiians, perhaps predictably, developed a pizza with a pineapple and ham topping. Today, nearly every country has its favorite local variety of pizza. Worldwide, there must be more than 1,000 varieties of pizza.
當(dāng)然,對(duì)比薩愛(ài)好者而言,他們最喜愛(ài)的比薩或許是從阿根廷、或許是從印度尼西亞發(fā)展出來(lái)的,誰(shuí)在乎呢?的確,比薩流傳到全球各地時(shí)已經(jīng)有了改變,因此當(dāng)你在檀香山、紐約、巴黎、伊斯坦布爾、新德里或東京點(diǎn)比薩時(shí),每一個(gè)城市或國(guó)家的比薩做法一定都會(huì)有些許不同。意大利人和紐約客所熟知的比薩(住在紐約的許多意裔美國(guó)人首先將比薩引進(jìn)美國(guó))是一種圓形的烘烤薄片,上面撒滿(mǎn)蕃茄醬和奶酪。為了增加美味,可加上幾片美式臘腸和薩拉米香腸等意大利香腸,以及像洋蔥、青椒和橄欖等蔬菜。有時(shí)候也會(huì)添加鳀魚(yú),一種很咸的小魚(yú)。然而,亞洲人喜歡吃加上玉米、小黃瓜和其它蔬菜的比薩,什錦海鮮更是不用說(shuō)。夏威夷人,或許一想就知道,發(fā)展出一種上面覆著菠蘿和火腿的比薩。如今幾乎每個(gè)國(guó)家都有當(dāng)?shù)刈钍軞g迎的比薩口味。而全世界必定已有超過(guò)1000種的比薩了。
Some people are not so fond of pizza. They classify it as a junk food, along with greasy French fries, potato chips, and hamburgers. On the contrary, say defenders of pizza, it is indeed a healthful food. Carefully chosen fresh ingredients can ensure the quality of any food we eat, and pizza is no exception.
有些人不喜歡吃比薩,他們把它歸類(lèi)為一種垃圾食物,和油膩的薯?xiàng)l、洋芋片以及漢堡包一樣。相反地,為比薩辯護(hù)的人則說(shuō)它確實(shí)是一種健康食品。慎選新鮮的配料可確保我們所吃的食物質(zhì)量,而比薩也不例外。
Others protest that pizza is too fattening to be eaten regularly. Not true, respond those enamored of pizza's charms. It all depends on the ingredients and how well they are prepared. For example, the meats which are used as toppings on pizza are often first fried to remove excess fat. The cheeses used can be selected for their high protein but low milk fat. Sparse rather than generous addition of spices such as salt ensure that pizza need not be considered junk food. A well-made pizza not only looks, smells, and tastes great, but it is a wise choice for everyone as a regular food source. Indeed, it seems the only disadvantage to pizza is that when dropped, it causes a mess!
其它反對(duì)的人則說(shuō)比薩太油膩,不能常吃。迷戀比薩魅力的人回答說(shuō)不對(duì),那完全要看配料以及準(zhǔn)備功夫的程度而定。例如,用來(lái)放在比薩上面的肉類(lèi)通常會(huì)先炒過(guò)以去除多余的油脂。所使用的奶酪可以選擇高蛋白但低奶油的;添加少許而非大量像鹽巴之類(lèi)的調(diào)味料便可確保比薩不被視為垃圾食物。制作精巧的比薩不僅色、香、味俱佳,而且是大家日常食物來(lái)源的一個(gè)聰明選擇。的確,比薩似乎只有一項(xiàng)缺點(diǎn),那就是當(dāng)它掉到地上時(shí)會(huì)搞得一團(tuán)糟!
Children enjoy pizza because it's fun to eat and delicious. Workers enjoy it because it is inexpensive and quick to order, too. Families enjoy the convenience of carrying home a whole meal from the many vendors of this world-famous food. With its many advantages, no one needs to resist the allure of one of the world's most popular foods. Come to think of it, let's have pizza for dinner tonight!
兒童喜歡吃比薩,因?yàn)樗云饋?lái)好玩又美味可口。工人喜歡吃,因?yàn)樗毁F而且訂購(gòu)快速。家庭則享受從許多食品店把這舉世聞名的食物帶回家當(dāng)作一餐的便利。因?yàn)橛性S多好處,任何人都不必抗拒這種全世界最受歡迎食物之一的誘惑。現(xiàn)在想一想,不如咱們今天晚餐就吃比薩吧!