5天徹底搞懂語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)第一天
現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去，進(jìn)行


一、概念和分類

1.概念：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)—表達(dá)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間的狀態(tài)的。

2.分類：時(shí)間和動(dòng)作兩個(gè)維度，相互交錯(cuò)產(chǎn)生的4✖4的16宮格。


時(shí)間分類：過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái) + 特殊（過(guò)去將來(lái)）
動(dòng)作分類：一般、進(jìn)行、完成 + 特殊（完成進(jìn)行）


二、時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

對(duì)比：Peterreads a lot.
對(duì)比：Peterwill read a lot.
對(duì)比：Peter is readinga lot.
對(duì)比：Peterhas reada lot this year.


三、三組特殊需要記憶的規(guī)則：現(xiàn)在，進(jìn)行和過(guò)去

一般：
一般現(xiàn)在：
1) 主語(yǔ)第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。

第三人稱變化規(guī)則：
A.一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾+s
get --gets
take -- takes
play --plays

B.以s, x, sh, ch, o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾+ es
guess --guesses
fix --fixes
finish --finishes
teach -- teaches
go --goes
do-- does

C.以輔音字母+ y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加es
study -- studies
try -- tries
fly -- flies
worry -- worries
carry -- carries


動(dòng)詞第三人稱小測(cè)試：
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry _______ come________ watch________ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ teach________



進(jìn)行：be(am/is/are/was/were) + doing

現(xiàn)在分詞的形成規(guī)律
A.一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ing
如：wash----washing catch---catching walk----walking

B.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e，再加-ing。
如：make----making take---taking give----giving move---moving

C.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，若末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)字母，再加
ing
如：plan---planning sit---sitting get---getting run---running

D.以－ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把變成y再加－ing
如：lie ----- lying tie ----- tying die ----- dying


小檢測(cè)對(duì)應(yīng)答案：
一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞后面直接加-ing
go - work- sing-
see- read- cook-
visit- draw- know-
以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e 再加-ing
make - write- skate-
take- dance- live-
share- give- drive-
末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)這一字母再加-ing
run- swim- begin-
stop- sit- get-

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)則：

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則（過(guò)去分詞變化一般同過(guò)去式，特殊動(dòng)詞除外）

A.一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed。
如：work—worked rain—rained watch—watched

B.如果動(dòng)詞以字母e結(jié)尾，變過(guò)去式時(shí)直接在詞尾加d。
如：love—loved live—lived change—changed

C.如果動(dòng)詞是以一個(gè)元音字母加上一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，變過(guò)
去式時(shí)，要雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed。
如：stop—stopped plan—planned drop—dropped

D.如果動(dòng)詞是以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變過(guò)去式時(shí)要變y為i再加ed。
如：study—studied carry—carried try—tried


將下列句子分別改成現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：
1.Tom can speak Chinese.
2.We have four lessons.
3.I watch TV every day.
4.She works in a hospital.
5.His father can help them.
6.Danny, open the door.


課后練習(xí)：

1 What ______ from three to four yesterday afternoon？
A.have you done
B.had you done
C.did you do
D.were you doing

2 – I called you yesterday evening，but there was no answer.
- Oh. I'm sorry I _____ dinner at my friend's home.
A.home
B.had
C.was having
D.have had

3 My mother _____ while my father _____TV.
A.cooked；was watching
B.was cooking；was watching
C.was cooked；watched
D.cooked；watched

4 When I got home， my son _____ the music.
A.am listening to
B.listened to
C.was listening to
D.was listening

5 We heard a cry when we ______ TV last night.
A.were watching
B.would watch
C.watch
D.watched

動(dòng)詞第三人稱小測(cè)試答案：
drinks/goes /stays /makes/looks /has/passes/carries /comes/watches/plants/flies /studies/brushes/teaches