LESSON 15 The chemistry of a candle (II)
第十五課 蠟燭的化學(xué)組成（二）
"But what becomes of the candle," pursued Harry, "as it burns away? where does it go?"
“但蠟燭變成了什么,”哈利繼續(xù)說(shuō),“它燃燒消失了嗎?它去哪兒了?”
"Nowhere, I should think. It burns to nothing."
“任何地方都不,我想。它燃燒后什么都沒(méi)有。”
"Oh, dear, no!" said Harry; "everything goes somewhere. You can see it goes into smoke, which makes soot, for one thing. There are other things it goes into, not to be seen by merely looking, but you can get to see them by taking the right means. Just put your hand over the candle, uncle."
“哦,天哪，不!”哈利說(shuō),“一切都在某個(gè)地方。你可以看到它變成了煙霧，,產(chǎn)生煙灰,這是一件。還有其他東西它轉(zhuǎn)換了,只是不能被全然看見(jiàn),但是你可以看到他們通過(guò)采取正確的方式。就把你的手放在蠟燭上,叔叔。”
"Thank you, my young gentleman, I would rather be excused."
“謝謝你,我年輕的紳士,我寧愿被打擾。”
"Not close enough down to burn you, uncle;—higher up. There;—you feel a stream of hot air, so something seems to rise from the candle. Suppose you were to put a long glass lamp-chimney over the flame, and let the flame burn just within the end of it, as if it were a chimney, some of the hot steam would go up and pass out at the top, but a sort of dew would be left behind in the glass chimney, if the chimney was cold enough when you put it on. There are ways of collecting this dew; and when it is collected it turns out to be really water. I am not joking, uncle. Water is one of the things which the candle turns into while burning—water coming out of fire. In some light-houses, Professor Faraday says, two gallons of oil are burned in a single night; and if the windows are cold, the steam from the oil clouds them, and, in frosty weather, freezes into ice."
“不要靠的太近燒到你,叔叔,高一點(diǎn)。這兒,你可以感覺(jué)到一股熱氣流,所以似乎一些東西從蠟燭里升起。假設(shè)你把一長(zhǎng)玻璃燈罩罩住火焰,讓火焰在里面燃燒,就像是一個(gè)煙囪,一些熱蒸汽會(huì)上升并且到達(dá)頂部,一些水珠會(huì)留在玻璃燈罩上,如果燈罩你放上去時(shí)足夠冷的時(shí)候。這里有一些收集這些露水的方法;且當(dāng)它被收集后它真的變成了水。我不是在開(kāi)玩笑,叔叔。水是燭光轉(zhuǎn)變成的一件事，當(dāng)它燃燒時(shí)——水變成了火。法拉第教授說(shuō),在一些燈塔，兩加侖的石油在一個(gè)晚上燃燒,如果窗戶(hù)都是冷的,油產(chǎn)生的蒸汽,在寒冷的天氣會(huì)凍結(jié)成冰。”
"Water out of a candle, eh?" exclaimed Mr. Bagges, "As hard to get, I should have thought, as blood out of a post. Where does it come from?"
“水從蠟燭來(lái),是嗎?”Bagges先生喊道,“那很難得，我本以為,就像血液的職位。它是從哪里來(lái)的?”
"Part from the wax, and part from the air; and yet not a drop of it comes from either the air or the wax. What do you make of that, uncle?"
從一部分蠟,一部分的空氣,而不是下降來(lái)自于空氣或蠟。你會(huì)怎么做,叔叔?”
"Eh? Oh, I'm no hand at riddles! Give it up."
“嗯?哦,我毫無(wú)頭緒!放棄它。”
"No riddle at all, uncle. That which comes from the wax is a gas called hydrogen. We can obtain it from water by passing the steam of boiling water through a red-hot gun-barrel which contains a quantity of iron wire or turnings. Part of the steam will mix with the iron turnings, and change them into rust; and the other part, which comes out of the end of the barrel, will be hydrogen gas, and this part of the water we can set on fire."
“不是謎,叔叔。那些來(lái)自于蠟的是一種氣體氫。我們可以從水得到它，通過(guò)讓蒸汽沸騰的水來(lái)通過(guò)一個(gè)熾熱的炮管，包含很多的鐵絲或轉(zhuǎn)彎處。蒸汽的一部分將與鐵鋼屑混合,并變成鐵銹;另一部分,出來(lái)流在末端的桶里,將是氫氣,這部分的水我們可以點(diǎn)燃。”
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