1. literally adv. 逐字地，按照字面上地，不夸張地，正確地，簡直
He translated this article literally.他一字一句地翻譯這篇文章。
Idioms usually cannot be translated literally in another language.成語通常不能照字面譯成另一種語言。
He literally flew into the room.他簡直是飛也似地跑進了房間。

2. need 作為動詞，有兩種理解，一是做情態動詞，二是做行為動詞。

1) need作為情態動詞時，一般不用于肯定句，只用于否定句/疑問句。
其后直接加動詞原形，沒有時態/人稱的變化。
其否定句為在need后面直接加not，或使用縮寫needn't.
如：I needn't work hard.
其疑問句必須把情態動詞need提前，回答也一般借助于need.
如：Need I help you?

2) need作為行為動詞時，可用于各種句子，有過去式needed和三單形式needs.
其否定句必須借助于助動詞don't/doesn't/didn't等變化。
如：I don't need to work hard.
其疑問句也必須借助于助動詞do/does/did等變化。
如：What do you need me to do?
其結構一般有：
need sb/sth 如：I need you. I need your help.
need to do sth 如：I need to work harder.
need sb to do sth 如：I need you to help me.
need doing = need to be done 如：My watch needs repairing. = My watch needs to be repaired

3. prepare 用作及物動詞，后接名詞時，表示“準備；調制，配置”的意思，它亦可接帶to的動詞不定式（表示“準備干某事”）或接不定式復合結構（表示“為某人做某事作準備）。例如：
The nurse is preparing the child to go to hospital. The nurse is preparing the child to go to hospital. 保姆正在為孩子住院作準備。

prepare for后接名詞或代詞，含有“為將來即要發生的某一行動或某種情況作準備”的意味。prepare for是個動介型短語動詞，作及物動詞用，動作意味很強，可直接用作謂語；
We were given two days to prepare for the examination. We were given two days to prepare for the examination.我們可以有兩天的時間來準備考試。

注意：prepare for可分開來寫，即prepare...for,這時prepare是及物動詞。當prepare后接表示物的名詞時，prepare...for通常表示“為(某人)準備（什么）”。
當prepare后接人的名詞，介詞for后接事物等名詞時，它通常表示“培養或指導（某人）準備（什么）”。例如：
We must prepare a room for our guest. We must prepare a room for our guest. 我們必須為客人準備一個房間。
They are preparing their child for college. They are preparing their child for college. 他們培養孩子準備上大學。