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mississippi
n.密西西比州
The larger rivers, especially the Mississippi and the Ohio, became increasingly useful as steamboats grew in number and improved in design.
隨著蒸汽船數(shù)量的不斷增多，艦船設(shè)計的不斷改良，特別是密西西比和俄亥俄河也變得越來越重要。
investigation
n.調(diào)查; 研究
investigators-investigator
n.調(diào)查者, 研究者
investigate
v.調(diào)查, 研究
This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation
我們將其稱之為“歷史考古學(xué)”，它在美國指的是
into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.
歐洲抵達美洲時的美洲考古研究。
inner
adj.內(nèi)部的
innermost
adj.內(nèi)心的, 最深處的
Using the combined action of the bill and tongue, the bird cracks open and discards the woody seed covering action and swallows the nutritious inner kernel.
通過喙和舌頭共同作用，飛禽將外殼敲碎，去除木質(zhì)果殼，將有營養(yǎng)的核心吞下。
initial
adj.開始的；最初的
The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolved from the initial "peepshow" format to the point
電影院的播放技術(shù)從最初的西洋鏡形式演變?yōu)閷⒂跋裢队暗接陌档挠霸浩聊唬?/div>
where images were projected on a screen in a darkened theater.
這一轉(zhuǎn)變使得電影院大眾化消費成為可能。
grazing-graze
v.放牧
overgrazing
adj.過度放牧
Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role,
一些科學(xué)家還提出，隨著海拔的上升，紫外線強度也會不斷增加，
while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor.
而野生山羊等動物的放養(yǎng)也可能對植物生長產(chǎn)生不利影響。
giant
adj.龐大的
A galaxy is giant family of many millions of stars, and it is held together by its own gravitational field.
銀河系有數(shù)百萬行星，通過獨有的引力場來相互作用。
generated-generate
v.產(chǎn)生, 導(dǎo)致
It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.
通過側(cè)重研究，希望將不完整，不完美的分類學(xué)錯誤降到最低。
derived-derive
v.得自; 起源
The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality,
從劇本里獲得的動力，還有(在演唱的情況下的)音樂，與表演者的技巧、
and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.
個性和引起共鳴的能力相結(jié)合，將決定藝術(shù)、政治或者教學(xué)等交際活動的成功與否。
Dakota
n.達科他州
In principle, all the power needs of the United States could be provided by exploiting the wind potential of just three states—North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas.
理論上講，全美所有用電均可以通過三大州的風能提供，分別是北達科他州、南達科他州以及德州。
critical
adj.批評的, 危險的
criticize
v.批評；評價
criticism
n.批評
In Texas, a great deal of attention is being paid to genetic engineering because it is there that the most critical situation exists.
在德州，人們將重點放在了基因工程上，這是因為那的情況最為嚴重。
creatures-creature
n.人；生物
For tens of millions of years, those great creatures had flourished.
數(shù)千萬年以來，這些生物曾繁衍生息。
consumed-consume
v.消耗；消滅；消費
consumption
n.消費；消耗
consumer
n.消費者
The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth,
這種爆炸會產(chǎn)生大量硝酸和融化的巖石，并裸露在地表，
starting widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland.
引發(fā)大面積火災(zāi)，大片森林和叢林被燒毀。
coarse
adj.粗糙的
Extensive falls of volcanic ash and coarser particles overwhelm and bury all forms of life, from flying insects to great trees.
大量石灰?guī)r和粗糙顆粒將這里覆蓋，不管是飛蟲還是叢林，都未能幸免。
classical
adj.古典的
The subject of a sculpture should be derived from classical stories.
雕塑主題應(yīng)該來源于古典故事。
barbed-barb
n.倒鉤v.裝倒鉤
Barbed wire, first patented in the United States in 1867, played an important part in the development of American farming,
鐵絲網(wǎng)在美國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展史上扮演了重要角色，1867年它率先在美國申請專利，
as it enabled the settlers to make effective fencing to enclose their land and keep cattle away from their crops.
殖民者可以用鐵絲網(wǎng)架起圍欄，保護農(nóng)田，讓牲畜遠離農(nóng)田。
Atlantic
adj.大西洋的
The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.
隨著美洲和非歐版塊向相反方向移動，大西洋就此形成。
apart
adv.分別地
Demonstrations of infants' and toddlers' long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier,
嬰幼兒長期記憶的形成，還會涉及到他們之前早期看到的或者自身經(jīng)歷的活動的重復(fù)，
such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll's mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy.
比如：到黑暗的環(huán)境里取東西，把瓶子塞到了洋娃娃的嘴里，或者將玩具撕成兩半等。
