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And then, Plato says, the third group you need is leaders.
柏拉圖說，第三種人是領導者。
Their main role will be to think rationally, to use their reason or intellect to make decisions.
他們的主要角色是理性地思考，用他們的理智或智慧來做決定。
As decision makers, leaders determine what the state is to do, how the affairs of the citizens are to be run.
作為決策者，領導者們決定了這個國家要做什么，市民的生活要怎樣進行。
Plato then asks himself: OK, assume we've got such a society with these three groups.
柏拉圖問自己：好，假設我們的社會已經有了這三個組成部分。
When will this society be a good, um, a...a just society?
那么這個社會就會是一個美好公平的社會嗎？
Well, you can only have a good society when its three parts are working well together—each doing its proper thing.
只有當這三個部分合作得很好——每個部分都在做恰當的事情時才會有一個良好的社會。
And Plato believes this can only happen if workers and soldiers learn moderation or self-control.
而且柏拉圖認為這只會發生在工人和士兵學會自控的情況下。
But why? Why do workers and soldiers have to learn self-control?
但是為什么呢？為什么工人和士兵得學會自控？
Well, how can a society flourish if the workers and soldiers don't control their desires and emotions?
如果工人和士兵不學會控制他們的欲望和情感社會怎么能繁榮？
Plato thinks that if they aren't under control, workers will sleep too much and play too much, so they're not going to get their jobs done.
柏拉圖認為，如果沒有控制，工人們就會睡覺和玩樂太多，從而完不成他們的工作。
And soldiers need to channel their high spiritedness in a certain direction, precisely by being courageous.
而士兵們需要被鼓勵，將他們的高漲情緒導向某個方向。
But you're not going to get that automatically. You need to teach them this kind of moderation.
但這些不會自動生成。你需要教會他們自我節制。
So you need an educational system that first of all will train the leaders, so that they'll make good decisions, so they'll know what's wise.
所以就需要一個教育系統，這個教育系統首先要訓練領導者們，讓他們能做出正確的決定，讓他們知道什么是明智的。
Then make leaders responsible—um, uh, turn over to them the education of the other two groups.
然后讓領導者們負責——將另外兩個組成部分的教育轉交給他們。
And through education, build a society so that the workers and soldiers learn to use their intellect to control their desires and emotions.
通過教育，建立一個社會，工人們和士兵們學會用他們的智慧來控制欲望和情感。
If you had all that, then, for Plato, you'd have a good or just society.
如果這些都齊全了，在柏拉圖看來，就會有一個美好公平的社會。
Now, take that picture—that social, political picture—and apply it to the individual person.
現在，把這幅社會性政治性的圖景應用到個人身上來。
You remember about the soul? That it consists of three separate parts, or faculties? Can you guess what they are?
你們還記得靈魂么？靈魂由三個獨立的部分或說功能組成還記得嗎？你們能猜到那三個部分是什么嗎？
Desires, emotions, and intellect—the characteristics associated with the three groups of society.
欲望、情感、和智慧——和社會的三個組成部分聯系著的三個特征。
And can you guess how Plato defines a good or just person?
你們知道柏拉圖如何定義一個純良正直的人嗎？
Well, it's parallel to how he characterizes a good or just society.
與他定義美好公平的社會類似。
The three parts have to be in harmony.
這三個部分得處于和平的狀態。
In each of us, our desires and emotions often get the better of us, and lead us to do foolish things.
我們每個人，我們的欲望和情感常常占據上風，導致我們做出愚蠢的事情。
They're in conflict with the intellect.
它們與智慧是有沖突的。
So, to get them to all work together, to co-exist in harmony,
所以，為了讓它們合作，和平共處，
every person needs to be shaped in the same way that we've shaped society—through the educational system.
每個人都要被打磨，用我們打磨社會的方法——通過教育系統。
Individuals must be educated to use their intellect to control their emotions and desires.
必須教育個人用他們的智慧來控制他們的情感和欲望。
That's harmony in the soul.
才能達到靈魂的和諧。
