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crafts-craft
n.技藝，手藝
craftspeople
n.藝術家
handcrafted
adj.手工制作的
craftsmanship
n.技能；技術
The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, form New England especially Connecticut and Massachusetts
勿需驚奇，美國最早的民間藝術畫像來自于新英格蘭地區，特別是康涅狄格州和麻薩諸塞州
for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition.
因為這一地區富裕、人口稠密，而且是濃厚藝術傳統的中心。
experience
n.經驗，經歷v.經歷；感受
Even the most mundane beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to many human experiences.
即使是最平凡無奇的珠串也已輾轉數人之手，歷經歲月之蹉跎。
reflect
v.反射；反映
reflection
n.反射；倒影
Their products, primarily silver plates and bowls, reflected their exalted status and testified to their customers' prominence.
這些銀器銀碗顯示了他們的顯赫地位，證明了顧客的突出位置。
origins-origin
n.起源；起因
original
n.原物，原作adj.最初的，獨創的
They are of more recent origin than the Laetoli prints.
它們比萊托利腳印還要原始。
literature
n.文學；著作
Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making.
在考古文學方面，關于制壺方面的描述屢見不鮮。
instruments-instrument
n.樂器；器具
instrumental
adj.儀器的
For a century and a half the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music.
一個半世紀以來，鋼琴一直是西方音樂中最受歡迎的獨奏樂器。
identified-identify
v.確認；識別
identifiable
adj.可認明的；可識別的
To identify a historically significant mountain range in the West
從歷史角度了解西方山脈
substances-substance
n.物質，主旨
Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment.
某些特定真菌，甚至是一些叫作“抗生素”的分泌物會進入外部環境。
role
n.角色；作用，
But times are changing; a new generation of foresters seems better prepared to Include in their management plans consideration of the vital ecological role alders, play.
時代在變化；新一代林護官準備以生態為主的管理計劃。
range
n.山脈，范圍，行列v.排列，使并列，
ranged
n.山脈，范圍，行列v.排列，使并列，
ranging
n.山脈，范圍，行列v.排列，使并列，
Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands.
這些人包括歐洲大學生，居住在新幾內亞高地的部落等。
quantities-quantity
n.量，總數
Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys, carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris.
冰川可以永久存在于寒冷地區，而這些緩慢移動的大量冰塊卻切削著峽谷，它們帶走了大量被侵蝕的巖石碎片.
primarily
adv.首先；首要地；起初
primary
n.首選adj.主要的，根本的
In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw.
即試圖描述戲劇的起源，人們必須主要依靠猜測，因為并沒有多少確切證據可以引用。
considered-consider
v.考慮；認為
considerable
adj.可觀的，相當的
considerably
adv.相當地
For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless,
例如，一些早期社會不再認為特定儀式與他們的安康息息相關從而拋棄了這些儀式，
they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
然而，他們將圍繞儀式產生的神話變為口頭傳授傳統的一部分，并且對其所具有的藝術價值而不是宗教價值進行贊美。
aspect
n.方向，外觀
We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community's resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery.
我們必須了解對群落抵抗、破壞和恢復來說哪些是最重要的。
approach
n.方法，接近v.靠近；接近
Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports.
我們可以根據工藝品的功能來將它們進行簡單地分類：容器、遮蓋物以及支撐物。
pacific
adj.和解的；溫和的
Pacific
n.太平洋 adj.太平洋的
The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment.
在北太平洋地區，印第安人創造了一種非常復雜的航海文化，他們的生產模式非常適應當地的特殊環境。
