托福聽力題目的考查方向是有規律的，我們把這些規律叫做原則，比如開頭原則，強調原則，轉折原則，建議原則等，今天我們簡要地說一下重復原則的應用。

　　重復原則，顧名思義，即關注反復重復的詞。在主旨題中可以幫助我們做出判斷。主旨題中90%以上是在開頭呈現的，呈現方式有直接展開和間接展開，比如OK，we’re going to focus on …XY 就是直接展開，我們在選項中定位XY或是XY的同義表達即可。間接展開則是在開頭講故事或是較長的例子，然后說出主旨。這類文章我們需要關注反復重復的詞或詞組(尤其是專有名詞)的解釋，再強調一下，是詞的解釋，而不是重復的詞本身，通常選項會避免出現原詞，而以詞的解釋形式出現，考查你對概念的理解。

　　例如：

　　Ok, the next kind of animal behavior I want to talk about might be familiar to

　　you. You may have seen, for example, a bird that’s in the middle of a mating

　　ritual, and suddenly it stops and preens, you know, takes a few moments to

　　straighten its feathers, and then returns to the mating ritual. This kind of

　　behavior, this doing something that seems completely out of place, is what we

　　call a ‘Displacement Activity’. Displacement activities are activities that

　　animal’s engaging in when they have conflicting drives. If we take our

　　example from a minute ago, if the bird is afraid of its mate, it’s conflicted. It

　　wants to mate but it’s also afraid and wants to run away. So, instead, it starts

　　grooming itself. So, the displacement activity, the grooming, the straightening

　　of its feathers, seems to be an irrelevant behavior. So, what do you think

　　another example of a displacement activity might be?

　　這篇文章的開頭段沒有直接說主旨，而是在舉例之后說出主旨---displacement activities，并且后面重復了三次，所以是key words。

　　題目：

　　What is the lecture mainly about?

　　A. Methods of observing unusual animal behavior.

　　B. A theory about ways birds attract mates.

　　C. Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives.

　　D. Criteria for classifying animal behaviors.

　　沒有任何一個選項有displacement activities，我們要關注的是它的解釋---(原文畫下劃線的部分)-- Displacement activities are activities that animal’s engaging in when they have conflicting drives. 解釋中的關鍵詞是 engage， conflicting drives，因此答案是C選項，其中engage同義轉換成behave。

　　因此，我們在聽到反復重復的詞時，不必細究詞本身，僅用縮寫在筆記中標注即可，但一定要記下這個詞的解釋當中的關鍵詞，從而準確定位正確選項。