托福聽力真題TPO第1套的第5篇是考古學(xué)講座。講座的整體思路和出題點(diǎn)分析如下。
講座開篇
教授開門見山引出主旨OK, we've been talking about early agriculture in the near east. So let's concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it.這里對應(yīng)本篇講座的第一題，主旨題What is the lecture mainly about? 答案很明顯為 B. The site of a Neolithic town. 一個新石器時期的遺址，與開篇主旨句中的關(guān)鍵詞site一致。這里考生要注意在考古學(xué)講座中site特指遺址。
那么，當(dāng)我們知道文章的主線是講The site of a Neolithic town之后，同學(xué)們肯定會思考：教授到底要講哪一個Neolithic site?這一site有哪些特點(diǎn)?為何值得探討?因此接下來重點(diǎn)要聽支持主旨句的細(xì)節(jié)信息。
講座中間
首先教授介紹了這個Neolithic town叫做Catalhoyuk ，接下來重點(diǎn)講了它的形成時期Neolithic，石器時期晚期，后面講了But you got to remember that it wasn't just any stone they had, they had obsidian. And umm... obsidian is a black, volcanic, well, almost like glass. It flakes very nicely into really sharp points. The sharpest tools of the entire Stone Age were made of obsidian.由轉(zhuǎn)折詞But引出專有名詞obsidian，并講了obsidian最大的特點(diǎn)可以制作the sharpest tool，所以本篇第二題What does the professor imply about the tools used by the people of Catalhoyuk? 的答案為B. They were among the sharpest tools available at the time. 符合轉(zhuǎn)折和最高級強(qiáng)調(diào)原則，值得關(guān)注。
接下來教授重點(diǎn)講了Anyway, what I wanna focus on is the way the town was built.這個城市最大的特點(diǎn)是 But what's really interesting is that there are no spaces between them, no streets in other words, and so generally no doors on the houses either. People walked around on the roofs and entered the house through a hatchway on the roof, down a wooden ladder.即房屋之間沒有空隙，人們通過屋頂天花板出入房屋;后面引出房屋另一個特點(diǎn)There tends to be a lot of obsidian flakes and chips in the hearth ashes, but no chimney. The smoke just went out the same hatchway that people used for going in and out themselves.即屋內(nèi)無出煙口，煙霧通過屋頂天花板排出。此處對應(yīng)第3題What does the professor say about the entrances to the houses in Catalhoyuk? Click two answers. 答案為A. They were in the roof. C. They allowed smoke to escape from the houses. 房屋入口有兩個特點(diǎn)，一個是位于屋頂;另一個是排出煙霧。
接下來教授重點(diǎn)講了And that's another unusual feature of Catalhoyuk, the burial sites. The graves have all been found under the houses, right under the floors.這里對應(yīng)第4題What does the professor say about Catalhoyuk graves? 答案很明顯為C. The graves were located under the house floors. 墳?zāi)刮挥诜孔拥匕逑路健?br />講座結(jié)尾
結(jié)尾部分重點(diǎn)闡述考古學(xué)家對上述城市建筑特征的原因分析。教授轉(zhuǎn)述了一些考古學(xué)家的假說，I mean, you might think it was for protection or something, but there has been no evidence found yet of any violent attack that would indicate that kind of danger. It maybe they wanted to live as near as possible to their ancestors' graves and be buried near them themselves. But it makes a good point. 教授對這些假說的觀點(diǎn)是Based on excavations, we can know the layout of the houses and the location of the graves, but we're only guessing when we tried to say why they did it that way.由轉(zhuǎn)折詞but引出態(tài)度關(guān)鍵詞guessing，這里對應(yīng)第5題What does the professor think of the idea that the inhabitants of Catalhoyuk deliberately arranged their houses so that they could live near their ancestors' graves? 所以本題答案為A. She thinks it is a good guess, but only a guess.這僅僅是一種推測。
最后一段又講了一個小話題And the physical artifacts can give us clues, but there is a lot we can't really know. So, for instance, their art.即使物質(zhì)文物會給我們一些線索，還有很多無法獲知的信息，比如藝術(shù)。后面降到了藝術(shù)的兩個特點(diǎn) They painted on the plastered walls and usually they painted hunting scenes with wild animals in them. Now they did hunt and they also raised cereal crops and kept sheep, but we don't know why so many of the paintings are of hunting scenes. 本處為第一個特點(diǎn)畫作都是關(guān)于打獵場景的;Was it supposed to have religious or magical significance? That's the kind of thing we can only guess at based on clues. And hopefully, further excavation of Catalhoyuk will yield more clues. But we'll probably never know for sure. 畫作的意義至今未知，仍是一種猜測。畫作還有一個特點(diǎn)，是文中前面講述房屋建設(shè)特點(diǎn)的時候提到的You can see on the walls, which they plastered and decorated with paintings. They ended up with a layer of black soot on them, and so did people's lungs.即畫作有一層被煙熏過的痕跡。這里對應(yīng)第6題多選題，What are three things the professor says about the artwork of Catalhoyuk ? Click 3 answers. 答案為B. It became covered with soot. D. It significance is unknown. E. It contains many hunting scenes.
希望本篇解析可以起到拋磚引玉的作用，給備考托福的考生在對真題的理解上以啟發(fā)。