貓頭鷹的引言【隱形模板】:起段三句話
1. 把答題的立場作為主題。第一句申論主題。
2. 把主題范圍縮小為焦點。第二句集中焦點。
3. 把焦點分兩個支點招牌。第三句話分兩頭。(一頭到中體承段,一頭到中體轉段)
貓頭鷹論【綠色經濟】:Environment vs. Economy (真題No。01)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should focus more on environmental problems and less on economic development. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
如何打造開頭三句話?其實引言并沒有固定的寫法。除非是抄襲,佛則不可能出現同樣的句子。就算是同一個人寫的,也不至于每次都一樣。再說,答題的立場不同,主題也就不同。即使主題類似而焦點不同,結果還是千變萬化。即使焦點類似,跟著來的論證內容也是因人而異。寫作好玩,這是部分原因。
》不推薦鸚鵡寫法:因為好像許多烤鴨一樣的模仿,所以毫不新鮮引人。不是不可以,不過與高分絕緣。猜得到鸚鵡也許這么寫引言:(網友請不要笑也請不要學鸚鵡叫。鸚鵡寫作雖然照樣可以過關留學,只是成績并不理想。)
缺點 (沒有立場):1. Nowadays, there is a heated debate on opposing views between
environmental protection and economic development.
缺點 (沒有焦點):2. Some people argue that the government should focus more on
environmental problems, while others think to the contrary.
缺點 (沒有招牌):3. Before giving my own opinion, these two perspectives will be analyzed
in detail as follows.
》夜貓子批評鸚鵡這三點:
1. 主題--你為什么不提出立場回答問題呢?沒有立場也就沒有主題。建議你最好直截了當的申論主題,少賣關子。
2. 焦點--你看,沒有主題的結果是讀者(考官)不可能知道你答題的立場,等于還沒有回答問題。再說,缺少主題的焦點也等于擴大話題,只怕以后難以自圓其說。
3. 招牌--動手之前,先要立即想一想心圖大綱【起承轉合】。告訴自己也告訴讀者:你在中體段落要證明什么?所以在引言起段中肯定需要從焦點里預表兩個招牌(topic sentence),一個招牌引出承段的論證,一個則引出轉段的論證。真擔心你可能會中途忘路之遠近,糊里糊涂地迷失跑題。
鸚鵡請別生氣,告訴你結論合段最好后應起段的前呼。所謂起中有合,合中有起。你在引言起段說廢話,難道結尾合段仍然說廢話?
》鸚鵡聽了很不高興,反問貓頭鷹說:夜貓子,大色盲,破嗓子,居然自作聰明。有本事就立刻舉出更好的三個例子,那我鸚鵡才會服了你,自認倒霉學你做夜貓子,并卻答應你練習以下60道練習題,做不完就晚上不睡覺,改白天才睡。
》貓頭鷹例子A:
申論主題:1. The government ought to give priority to ensuring a green economy that matters to everybody.
集中焦點:2. Economic development without such considerations as pollution can cause serious environmental damage, in turn impairing the quality of life of present and future generations.
話分兩頭:3. Although this issue should involve everyone, it is up to the government to strike a balance between the demands of the economic progress and the need for protection of the environment.
》貓頭鷹例子B:
申論主題:1. Mainly due to the phenomenon of global warming, governments across the world have been looking for solutions to reduce pollution that causes what is known as the "greenhouse effect."
集中焦點:2. Inevitably, the environment-economy debate has its focus on vehicular pollution linking in particular to an increasing use of private cars.
話分兩頭:3. The government is obliged to answer a question like this: How to persuade people to drive less--an environmental necessity--while also encouraging them to revive the staggering economy by buying new cars in order to create more jobs?
》貓頭鷹例子C:
申論主題:1. The government should place emphasis on the green policy and not to allow such environmental problems as pollution to deteriorate, while encouraging eco-friendly economic activities.
集中焦點:2. Air pollution, in particular from the use of private cars, greatly contributes to the "greenhouse effect," known to be the main cause of climate change.
話分兩頭:3. Protecting the environment is of course everybody's business; however, it depends on the government to promote the economic progress without compromising the public well-being, now and in the future..