It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think　of as a person.

This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1__

"Britannia" and the United States "Columbia", and think of it as stately

women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__

personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,wrote a political

satire in that the characters were supposed __3__

to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman was John Bull.

This name, which was sufficient flattering to be __4__

adopted generally, combined the most common English first name with a last name

indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__

pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband.

After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United __6__

States was knownfor "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical __7__

name associated with simple people from rural areas, and it seemed fitting since

the United States is rural and unsophiscated, and since __8__

American considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__

the wickedness of European cities. It is possible, however, that the name was

originated with President George Washington, who would __10__

often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan",

referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.

1. of和as之間加上it.代替前文的a nation

2.it—both.指代上文的US和Great Britain

3.that—which

4.sufficient—sufficiently.修飾形容詞用副詞

5. indicated—indicating　

6.began—ended.根據歷史知識，美國獨立戰爭開始于1776年7月4日(《獨立宣言》發表)，直到1783年英國正式承認美國獨立才結束。

7. for—as.be known for意為“因......而眾所周知”

8. is—was.美國過去曾是一個rural and unsophisticated的國家

9.to—with.compare to 意為“把......比作.......”compare with意為“與......比較，與.......匹敵，與......競爭”

10. 刪掉name和originated之間的was