7. It is generally believed that ...accepted

（引證觀點）thoughtheld普遍認為，在發達國家人口增長的主要原因與其說是出生率的上升，還不如說是由于醫療保健的改善的使死亡率下降了。

It is generally believed (=thought) that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed coutries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.

8. ...causes (produces, brings about, leads to, results in ...)

（因果關系）毫無疑問，需求的增長導致了價格的上漲。
There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes(results in/leads to) the rise in prices.