十二、倒裝結構

1.下列否定詞及含有否定意義的詞組修飾狀語時，若置于句首，句子的主謂要部分倒裝
never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less。如：
Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on.
Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.

2.以only修飾狀語開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝
Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.

3.以下列副詞或短語開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝
often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point，many a time。如：
So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

4.以下列副詞開頭的句子，句子的主謂要全部倒裝

(1)出于修辭需要，表示方向的副詞：out, down, in, up, away, on。如：
Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.

(2)出于習慣用法：here, there, now, thus, hence, then。如：
Now is your turn. There goes the bell.

5.讓步從句的倒裝

(1)as引導讓步狀語從句，必須采用倒裝結構，但不是主謂倒裝，而是將被強調的內容置于句首。如：
Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.

(2)出現在句型be+主語+其他, come what may中。如：
Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
Come what may, I’ll be on your side.

6.比較從句的倒裝

as, than引導的比較從句中，如果主語是名詞短語且較長，經常采用倒裝結構(不倒裝也可以)。注意：這種結構主語一般為名詞，如果是代詞則不倒裝。如：
Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce.
Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.