倒裝

固定語序
主語+謂語

后置
1．句尾焦點和句尾重心
2．關(guān)鍵詞語的后置

前置與倒裝
1)不引起倒裝的前置
不引起倒裝的前置成分通常是賓語、主語補(bǔ)語和賓語補(bǔ)語。
2) 引起倒裝的前置:
主語補(bǔ)語前置時，如主語較長或結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，就會引起倒裝。
前置賓語由not a + 名詞或 not a single + 名詞，就會引起倒裝
A horrible mess I have made of it.
Books, I need.
Happy indeed I am
Happy indeed are those who got the tickets to Beijing.

倒裝
某些狀語的前置會引起倒裝: 全部倒裝和部分倒裝

a. 句首狀語為方位詞或擬聲詞，謂語動詞為go, come等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動態(tài)動詞時，通常用全部倒裝，主語為代詞，不用倒裝。
Eg. Lower and lower he bent.

b. 當(dāng)句首狀語為表地點的介詞詞組時，也會引起全部倒裝。
Eg. From the wall comes the voice of the doctor.

c. 當(dāng)句首狀語為否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞語時，一般引起局部倒裝。
Eg. Nowhere else could you find so cheap books.

d. 當(dāng)句首狀語為only + 副詞, only +介詞詞組, only + 狀語分句構(gòu)成，也可引起局部倒裝。
Eg. Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.

e. 以關(guān)聯(lián)連詞so (…that)開頭的句子，引起局部倒裝。so+形容詞是主語補(bǔ)語的前置；so+副詞是狀語的前置。
Eg. So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

f. 當(dāng)方式狀語、頻度狀語等移至句首時，有時也引起局部倒裝。也可不用倒裝。
Eg.
Many a time has Mike given me good advice.
Slowly and impressively he rose from his seat.