十一、狀語從句省略結構
Metals expand when they are heated. Metals expand 是主句;when they are heated 是狀語從句。但是這個狀語從句中可以省略掉they are, 句子變成:Metals expand when heated. 但是并不是所有的狀語從句都可以這么省略。
這種省略從句主語的方式理論上需要滿足以下兩個條件:
第一、從句主語和主句主語必須保持一致; 第二、從句的謂語必須是be動詞,主語和be動詞同進同出,比如上面的they和are要么同時省略,要么同時保留。
例1:Although___rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact. (A) apparently (B) are apparently (C) apparently their (D) are they apparently
分析:連詞although通常引導主謂完整的狀語從句,當從句主語與主句主語相同、從句謂語又為系表結構時,則可省略主語和連系動詞,故正確答案為(A)。Although apparently rigid = Although bones are apparently rigid, 注意bones和are必須同時省略。
因此,我們從上面的例題中來分析一下填空題中狀語從句省略以后的形式:though, although, even thought, while, If, when等為引導狀語從句的詞;這些詞后面一定+形容詞(分詞),主句(注意逗號的后面是主句,前面是從句)
例2:All marble is composed of crystals of the minerals calcite or dolomite, ___, are perfectly white.
(A) when, pure which (B) when, which pure (C) which, pure when (D) which, when pure
分析:空格前是個完整的句子,空格后是系表結構,空格處顯然缺非限定性定語從句的引導詞兼作從句主語。(A)、(B)不引導非限定性定語從句,可首先排除。(C)中的pure和when位置錯了,故選(D)。注意when pure是插入語,同時也是省略用法when they are pure;which are perfectly white, 狀語從句省略結構,
例3:___relatively costly, the diesel engine is highly efficient and needs servicing infrequently
(A) Even (B) It is (C) Even though (D) There is
分析:B和D填入后,都是構成兩個主句,不對;Even though則引導狀語從句,even though it is, 這里it is 已經省略。
adj. 鎮靜的,沉著的