并列結(jié)構(gòu)

兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上意義相關(guān)、層次相同、句法功能也相同、并由并列連詞或其他并列手段連接起來(lái)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)序列叫做并列結(jié)構(gòu)。

1. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)的各種形式
１）詞與詞的并列　　　　 you and me
２）詞組與詞組的并列 a teacher and a student
３）分句與分句的并列 you can go or you can stay with us.

2. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)的連接手段
１）并列連詞
２）標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)　
３．并列結(jié)構(gòu)的插入語(yǔ)
在最后一個(gè)項(xiàng)目之前插入一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)，使這個(gè)項(xiàng)目處于更加突出的地位。
４．并列結(jié)構(gòu)的對(duì)稱組合
成對(duì)組合的辦法使整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊。

3. 并列連詞的意義和用法
１．以and為代表的表示語(yǔ)義引申的并列連詞
and, both…and, not only… but also, not…nor, neither…nor等。這一類并列連詞在語(yǔ)義上表示其連接的成分是對(duì)前項(xiàng)的補(bǔ)充和引申，包括肯定和否定兩種意義的引申。
And除表示語(yǔ)義增補(bǔ)外還有其他意義．還有一些and連接的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)形似并列結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際并非并列結(jié)構(gòu)．
Eg. This room is nice and warm. = ( nicely warm.) I’ll go and see my friend. = ( go to see)
２．以or 為代表的表示選擇的并列連詞
這類連詞包括or和either…or

３．以but為代表的表示語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比的并列連詞
這類連詞包括but, not… but, while, whereas, only, yet.

4. 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明：
1) both…and 只連結(jié)成分不連接句子；只連對(duì)等結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg. Both the student and the teacher are pleased to hear the news.

2) not only …but also連結(jié)成分和連接句子；只連對(duì)等結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg.
Not only I but also he will take part in the meeting.
Not only did he help me, but also he sent me home.

3) either …or連結(jié)成分和連接句子；連對(duì)等結(jié)構(gòu)或不對(duì)等結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg.
Either you or I am going to shanghai.
He can either stay at home or leave.
He has either gone to the movies or ( gone to ) the theatre.

4) neither …nor連結(jié)成分和連接句子；連對(duì)等結(jié)構(gòu)或不對(duì)等結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg. He neither likes fiction nor (likes) poetry.

并列連詞與連接性狀語(yǔ)
And與moreover;furthermore what’s more …
Eg.
He is a good teacher and a good friend.
He is a good teacher. Moreover, he is a good friend.
but與however
or與otherwise
So與as a result , consequently ...