英語語法講解:虛擬語氣(第五講)

一、 虛擬語氣用于wish后的賓語從句中
動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語氣,表示與事實(shí)相反或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。通常有三種形式:
①對(duì)將來發(fā)生的事情表示祝愿或愿望時(shí),賓語從句的謂語用:would(could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形。
例:I wish he would try again. 我希望他再試一次。
例:I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有點(diǎn)用處。
②表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí),賓語從句的謂語用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例:I wish I wasn’t going to Paris.
例:I wish I knew how to program the new computer.
③對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾或后悔時(shí),賓語從句的謂語用“過去完成時(shí)或could/would have done”的形式。
例:I wish you had come to our New Year’s party.
二、虛擬語氣用于would rather, would just as soon 后的賓語從句中。
would rather, would sooner, would as soon 和would just as soon等短語表示“但愿”、“寧愿”等意思,其后的賓語從句中的謂語要用虛擬語氣,常用過去式或過去完成式表示與現(xiàn)在或過去事實(shí)相反。
例:I’d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to someone else.
經(jīng)典練習(xí):
1、Jean wishes that he_____that house last spring.
A)bought
B)had bought
C)buys
D)were to buy
2、I wish I ____longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A)could have slept
B)slept
C)might have slept
D)have slept
3、I’d just as soon you ____those important papers with you.
A)dose not take
B)not to take
C)had not taked
D)did not take
4、I’d rather you____make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A)don’t
B)wouldn’t
C)didn’t
D)shouldn’t
解析:
1、選B。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是wish時(shí),其賓語從句用虛擬語氣,表示與事實(shí)相反或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。從本題的時(shí)間狀語last spring可知,表示的是過去的愿望。因此從句應(yīng)用于過去完成時(shí)表示,所以選B。
2、選A。從句中時(shí)間this morning 可知,本題表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾,賓語從句的謂語須用過去完成時(shí)或could have done形式來表示虛擬語氣,所以A項(xiàng)為正確答案。
3、選D。would just as soon的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)來表示虛擬語氣,符合語法規(guī)則的只有D項(xiàng)。
4、選C。for the time being意為”目前”,表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間,因些would rather表示現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,要求從句使用過去時(shí)來表示虛擬語氣,其否定形式為“didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形”。所以C為正確答案。
