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ROME — For 136 years, the Honor Guard to the Royal Tombs of the Pantheon has stood watch over the mortal remains of the Savoy kings who formerly ruled Italy, paying a discreet, sober tribute to a once-powerful dynasty in recognition of its role in unifying the country.
羅馬——136年來(lái)，萬(wàn)神殿皇陵儀仗隊(duì)一直守衛(wèi)著曾經(jīng)統(tǒng)治意大利的薩伏依王朝國(guó)王的遺骸，向這個(gè)曾經(jīng)不可一世的王朝表達(dá)樸素而莊重的敬意，紀(jì)念他們?cè)趪?guó)家統(tǒng)一過(guò)程中扮演的角色。
Standing ramrod straight at the sides of the massive mausoleums commemorating King Vittorio Emanuele II and his son Umberto I, they are meant to remain silent, though more often than not they end up fielding questions from inquisitive tourists.
儀仗隊(duì)衛(wèi)兵筆直地站在維托里奧·埃馬努埃萊二世(King Vittorio Emanuele II)和兒子翁貝托一世(Umberto I)宏偉的陵墓兩側(cè)，他們本應(yīng)該保持沉默，但卻常常要應(yīng)付好奇的游客提出的各種問(wèn)題。
That is, when they are present. Despite recent efforts to attract new members, the ranks of the Honor Guard have grown thin, and the tombs are often unattended.
但他們也并不總在那里。盡管最近一直在努力吸引新成員，儀仗隊(duì)的人數(shù)仍在減少，皇陵常常無(wú)人看護(hù)。
The guards themselves attribute the decline to the waning commitment to the Savoy kings among a younger generation of Italians who they say have forgotten values like patriotism. Others, however, point to the checkered history of the former royal family, and the troubles of their current heirs, which have done more to inspire tabloid headlines than passion for the family's long role in Italy.
儀仗隊(duì)自身把原因歸結(jié)為，薩伏依國(guó)王在意大利年輕一代心目中的地位在降低，他們說(shuō)，這些年輕人已經(jīng)忘記了愛(ài)國(guó)主義這樣的價(jià)值觀。而另外一些人則將其歸因于這個(gè)曾經(jīng)的皇室家族盛衰無(wú)常的歷史，以及他們?nèi)缃竦暮蟠浅龅姆N種麻煩，后者更多時(shí)候成了八卦報(bào)紙的頭條，對(duì)家族在意大利的漫長(zhǎng)歷史卻沒(méi)多大興趣。
King Vittorio Emanuele II, who died in 1878, played an essential part in founding modern Italy, and his memorial at the Pantheon in Rome is dedicated to the "Father of the Homeland." It also houses Umberto I, who was assassinated in 1900. Umberto's wife, Queen Margherita of Savoy, is buried next to him.
逝世于1878年的維托里奧·埃馬努埃萊二世對(duì)現(xiàn)代意大利的建立起到了關(guān)鍵作用，萬(wàn)神殿里的埃馬努埃萊二世紀(jì)念館將他稱(chēng)作“祖國(guó)之父”。萬(wàn)神殿里還安放著1900年被暗殺的翁貝托一世的遺體。翁貝托的妻子——薩伏伊皇后瑪格麗特(Queen Margherita)——就葬在他旁邊。
But the royal family was tainted for supporting the rise of Fascism in the years between the world wars, and in 1938 King Vittorio Emanuele III signed racial laws that discriminated against Jews. The king eventually dismissed Mussolini in 1943, but after signing an armistice with the Allies, he and his government fled German-occupied Rome for Brindisi, in Puglia, effectively leaving Italy's troops leaderless.
但該皇室家族卻因在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)之間支持法西斯主義的崛起而名聲受損，維托里奧·埃馬努埃萊三世還在1938年簽署了歧視猶太人的種族法案。這位國(guó)王最終在1943年解除了墨索里尼的職務(wù)，但在與盟軍簽署?；饏f(xié)議后，他和當(dāng)局政府逃離了德軍占領(lǐng)的羅馬，前往普利亞大區(qū)的布林迪西，致使意大利軍隊(duì)群龍無(wú)首。
The male descendants of the family were formally exiled as punishment in 1948, two years after Italians voted in a referendum to abolish the monarchy in favor of a republican government. That ban was lifted in 2002, but the family's reputation never fully recovered.
1948年，意大利公投廢除君主制、選擇共和政府兩年后，這個(gè)家族的男性子嗣被正式驅(qū)逐作為懲戒。驅(qū)逐令在2002年被取消，但家族的名譽(yù)從未徹底恢復(fù)。
Even now, some visitors to the Royal Tombs of the Pantheon "come to insult us," said Giuseppe Persico, a police officer from Velletri, a town of about 50,000 in the Lazio region, as he carried out Honor Guard service on a hot August morning. "They think that Italy today is better than it was before," he added disdainfully.
即使現(xiàn)在，有些參觀萬(wàn)神殿的游客還“來(lái)侮辱我們”，一名正在儀仗隊(duì)中值崗的朱塞佩·佩西克(Giuseppe Persico)說(shuō)道，八月的早晨天氣炎熱。他是一名來(lái)自韋萊特里(Velletri)的警察，該鎮(zhèn)位于拉齊奧區(qū)，人口五萬(wàn)?！八麄冋J(rèn)為意大利今天比過(guò)去要好，”他輕蔑地說(shuō)。
Those attracted to the Honor Guard are apt to overlook the less-savory parts of the family's history, or are drawn to what they see as the larger, enduring values that they believe are represented in the institution of the monarchy. Many lament that young Italians feel little sense of civic duty.
被儀仗隊(duì)所吸引的人們往往忽略了家族歷史中不那么光彩的篇章，或者是受到了在他們看來(lái)君主制所代表的更宏大、永恒的價(jià)值觀的驅(qū)使。許多人抱怨稱(chēng)，年輕的意大利人沒(méi)有公民責(zé)任感。
"Believing in values like patriotism is fairly atypical among people my age," acknowledged Carmelo Raia, 22, a law student who last month traveled to Rome from Agrigento, Sicily, to stand guard in the Pantheon. Like most other new recruits, Mr. Raia labels himself a "history buff" who was drawn to the guards because of their emphasis on national identity, history and tradition. "My contemporaries don't even know the meaning of the word patriotism," he said.
“在我這個(gè)年齡的人中，信仰愛(ài)國(guó)主義這類(lèi)價(jià)值觀是另類(lèi)，”22歲的卡梅洛·拉亞(Carmelo Raia)說(shuō)。拉亞是法律系學(xué)生，上個(gè)月從西西里島的阿格里真托來(lái)到羅馬守衛(wèi)萬(wàn)神殿。就像多數(shù)其他新兵一樣，拉亞說(shuō)自己是一個(gè)“歷史迷”，被儀仗隊(duì)的士兵所感召，因?yàn)樗麄冎匾暶褡迳矸?、歷史和傳統(tǒng)。“我的同代人根本不知道愛(ài)國(guó)主義這個(gè)詞的意思，”他說(shuō)。
For others, the values embodied in the Savoy dynasty are less than noble, and there is little sentiment in Italy for any kind of restoration.
對(duì)于其他人來(lái)說(shuō)，薩伏伊王朝代表的價(jià)值觀談不上崇高，意大利也沒(méi)有任何要復(fù)興這種價(jià)值的意思。
The guards are commendable, because "right or wrong they believe in the ideals of the institution," said Lorenzo Del Boca, an essayist who has written extensively about the royal family. "But we only had disasters from the House of Savoy. With the exception of Umberto II, who was king for 40 days, there is little to say that is positive," he said.
這些士兵值得稱(chēng)贊，因?yàn)椤安还茉鯓樱麄兪窍嘈拍莻€(gè)制度的理想，”洛倫索·德?tīng)柌┛?Lorenzo Del Boca)撰寫(xiě)過(guò)大量關(guān)于這個(gè)皇室家族的文章?！暗覀儚乃_伏伊家族只得到了災(zāi)難。除了擔(dān)任國(guó)王40天的翁貝托二世，沒(méi)有什么積極的東西可言，”他說(shuō)。
Trying to attract recruits, the Honor Guard relaxed its requirement that members belong to the military, and gradually opened to civilians. The spike in membership — topping 5,000 guards — peaked in 2006, a few years after the Savoy male heirs were allowed to return to Italy.
為了吸引新成員，儀仗隊(duì)放寬了要求，成員不必來(lái)自軍方，逐漸對(duì)平民開(kāi)放。成員最多的時(shí)候——超過(guò)5000名士兵——是在2006年，在薩伏伊的男性子嗣被允許回到意大利的幾年之后。
But numbers have dropped since then, in part because of the prince's legal troubles, but also because the novelty of the monarchy's return wore off. Today, the average age of the guards is between 50 and 60, and only about 5 percent are under 30.
但在此之后，這個(gè)數(shù)字出現(xiàn)了下滑，一個(gè)原因是這位王子在法律上惹下的麻煩，同時(shí)也因?yàn)榛适液笠峄貧w祖國(guó)的新鮮感已經(jīng)退去。今天，儀仗隊(duì)士兵的平均年齡在50到60歲之間，只有約5%年齡在30歲以下。
A youth honor guard — the Giovane Guardia, or the Young Guard — took root, "but they've never been that numerous," said Capt. Ugo d'Atri, a retired navy officer who has tried to broaden the appeal of the Honor Guard since he was named its president in 2003. "And this I regret."
一個(gè)青年儀仗隊(duì)(Giovane Guardia)開(kāi)始形成，但隊(duì)長(zhǎng)烏戈·達(dá)特里(Ugo d'Atri)說(shuō)“人數(shù)一直不多”。達(dá)特里是一名退役海軍軍官，2003年被任命為隊(duì)長(zhǎng)以來(lái)，他一直試圖增加儀仗隊(duì)的吸引力?！斑@讓我感到遺憾。”
Anyone can apply to become an honor guard, as long as the applicant does not have a criminal record and shares the ideals the institute promotes. But it can be a tough sell.
任何人都可以申請(qǐng)加入儀仗隊(duì)，只要申請(qǐng)者沒(méi)有犯罪記錄，且認(rèn)同機(jī)構(gòu)倡導(dǎo)的理念。但要招到人也并不容易。
"Our store offers the kind of merchandise that doesn't always find buyers," Captain d'Atri said, admitting the difficulties he has had in increasing the guard's ranks with like-minded people. "We're living in an increasingly global, consumerism-driven society. It's not a place where strong sentiments and values prevail."
“我們的商店提供的商品并不總是能找到買(mǎi)家，”隊(duì)長(zhǎng)說(shuō)，他承認(rèn)尋找志同道合的人來(lái)壯大儀仗隊(duì)面臨很多困難?！拔覀兩钤谝粋€(gè)越來(lái)越全球化、受到消費(fèi)主義驅(qū)動(dòng)的社會(huì)。這不是一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈情感和價(jià)值觀占上風(fēng)的世界?！?/div>
The institute is not affiliated with any political party, and is not a revanchist movement. But it has been campaigning — with petitions and support of parliamentary bills — to bury in the Pantheon the remains of the four Savoy family members who died outside Italy during the exile. They are buried in Egypt and France.
該機(jī)構(gòu)不附屬于任何政黨，也不是一個(gè)復(fù)仇主義組織。但它一直在呼吁——通過(guò)請(qǐng)?jiān)敢约皩?duì)議會(huì)法案的支持——把四名薩伏伊家族成員的遺骸埋在萬(wàn)神殿。后者在流亡期間死在異鄉(xiāng)，目前葬在埃及和法國(guó)。
"I think that most people with a sense of history would agree with our request," Captain d'Atri said. So far, however, the bills have foundered in preliminary parliamentary commissions, suggesting the issue is not a priority.
“我認(rèn)為多數(shù)有歷史觀的人會(huì)支持我們的請(qǐng)求，”達(dá)特里隊(duì)長(zhǎng)說(shuō)。然而迄今為止，這些法案已經(jīng)在初步的議會(huì)委員會(huì)受挫，后者表示該問(wèn)題并非當(dāng)務(wù)之急。
Beyond any political questions, Captain d'Atri said, "it's like putting a photograph back into the family album." Bringing the remains back to the Pantheon, he said, would be an "act of reconciliation between those who voted for the republic and those who voted for the monarchy and their heirs — it's underscoring that this history belongs to Italy."
達(dá)特里說(shuō)，拋開(kāi)政治上的疑慮不談，“這就像是把一張照片重新放回家族的相冊(cè)里?！彼f(shuō)，把他們的遺體送回萬(wàn)神殿，將是“共和國(guó)的支持者與君主制及其后代的支持者的一次和解——這是在強(qiáng)調(diào)這段歷史屬于意大利?！?/p>
