評(píng)論
打印
People who increased their consumption of red meat during a four-year period were more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes in a subsequent four-year period, according to an analysis involving about 150,000 people.
據(jù)一項(xiàng)涉及約15萬(wàn)人的分析顯示，四年時(shí)間內(nèi)增加紅肉攝入量的人在隨后四年內(nèi)更有可能罹患II型糖尿病。
The analysis, led by researchers at the National University of Singapore, took data from three long-running Harvard University studies involving mostly nurses and doctors. The results were published online Monday in JAMA Internal Medicine, a journal of the American Medical Association. The studies were funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health.
該分析由新加坡國(guó)立大學(xué)(National University of Singapore)的研究員帶頭進(jìn)行，從哈佛大學(xué)(Harvard University)三項(xiàng)主要涉及護(hù)士和醫(yī)生的長(zhǎng)期研究中獲取數(shù)據(jù)。研究結(jié)果于6月17日發(fā)表在美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)(American Medical Association)旗下的《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志•內(nèi)科學(xué)》(JAMA Internal Medicine) 網(wǎng)站上。這些研究由來自美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院(National Institutes of Health)的津貼資助。
While prior studies have also found a link between red-meat consumption and the development of Type 2 diabetes, the new analysis is believed to be the first time researchers have tracked changes in red-meat consumption over time with the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Study participants filled out detailed questionnaires about the types of food and drinks they consumed at the beginning of the study and every four years. The analysis looked at some 20 years of data.
雖然以往的研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)紅肉攝入與II型糖尿病存在聯(lián)系，但這項(xiàng)新研究被認(rèn)為是研究員首次追蹤到長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)紅肉攝入的變化與罹患II型糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)系。參與研究者在研究開始時(shí)詳細(xì)填寫了有關(guān)自己所攝入飲食類型的調(diào)查問卷，隨后每四年接受一次調(diào)查問卷。該分析研究了約20年的數(shù)據(jù)。
Broadly, the study showed that, compared with a group of people who had no change in red-meat intake, increasing red-meat consumption by more than a half-serving per day over a four-year period was associated with a 48% increase in the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes during the next four years.
總的來說，研究表明，四年內(nèi)紅肉日攝入量每增加半份，隨后四年罹患II型糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)比紅肉攝入量無變化的人 高出48%。
However, reducing red-meat consumption by the same amount during the same time period didn't cut the risk of diabetes during the next four years. It did reduce the risk by 14% over a longer time period, though.
不過，同期內(nèi)減少相同紅肉攝入量者隨后四年罹患II型糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并未下降，但更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)減少紅肉攝入量令患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)減少了14%。
The changes were independent of other factors such as body weight and overall diet quality.
這些變化排除了體重和整體飲食質(zhì)量等其他因素的影響。
'Our results confirm the robustness of the association between red meat and [Type 2 diabetes prevention] and add further evidence that limiting red-meat consumption over time confers benefits for…prevention,' the study authors wrote. An Pan, an assistant professor at the National University of Singapore's Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, was the study's lead author.
研究報(bào)告的作者寫道：“我們的研究結(jié)果證實(shí)了紅肉攝入與?II型糖尿病預(yù)防?之間的穩(wěn)固聯(lián)系，并進(jìn)一步證明長(zhǎng)期限制紅肉攝入有助于預(yù)防該疾病。”新加坡國(guó)立大學(xué)蘇瑞福公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院(Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health)助理教授An Pan是該項(xiàng)研究的首席作者。
Other doctors say red meat in and of itself isn't necessarily the trouble.
有醫(yī)生表示紅肉本身并不一定是問題所在。
'It is not the type of protein (or meat) that is the problem; it is the type of fat,' said William J. Evans, who is affiliated with both Duke University and GlaxoSmithKline PLC., and who wrote a commentary about the study that was also published online in JAMA Internal Medicine. 'It's mischaracterizing red meat as high fat,' Dr. Evans said in an interview.
隸屬杜克大學(xué)(Duke University)及GlaxoSmithKline PLC.醫(yī)藥公司的威廉•埃文斯(William J. Evans)針對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究撰寫了一份評(píng)論，也發(fā)表于《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志•內(nèi)科學(xué)》網(wǎng)站上。他說：“問題并不在于蛋白質(zhì)（或肉類）類型，而是脂肪類型?！卑Ｎ乃共┦吭诓稍L中說：“研究把紅肉曲解成了高脂肪。”
He said consumers could choose lean cuts of red meat such as sirloin tips or round steak over high-fat cuts like rib-eye.
他說，消費(fèi)者可以選擇比較瘦的紅肉，比如牛里脊肉或腹腿牛排，而不要選擇肋眼牛排這樣的高脂肪部位。
Dr. Pan could not be reached for comment Monday.
記者未能聯(lián)系到An Pan博士對(duì)此置評(píng)。
Similar to general dietary guidelines from the U.S. government, the American Diabetes Association recommends people with diabetes eat lots of vegetables and fruit and choose whole-grain foods including dried beans, as well as eating fish two or three times a week. Lean meats include cuts of beef or pork that end in 'loin,' such as pork loin and sirloin.
與美國(guó)政府的通用飲食指南相似，美國(guó)糖尿病協(xié)會(huì)(American Diabetes Association)建議糖尿病患者大量攝入蔬菜和水果，選擇包括干制豆類在內(nèi)的全谷類食品，每周食用兩次或三次魚類。瘦肉包括以“里脊”結(jié)尾的牛肉或豬肉，比如豬里脊肉和牛里脊肉。
Diabetes affects about 26 million Americans and is characterized by high blood-glucose levels caused by the body's inability to either make or properly use insulin. Type 2 diabetes, the most common form of the disease, is often associated with weight gain and older age. The disease raises the risk of heart attacks and strokes, kidney disease, blindness, amputations and nerve damage. The other type of diabetes, Type 1, is an autoimmune disease and often diagnosed in childhood.
美國(guó)約2,600萬(wàn)人患糖尿病，主要表現(xiàn)為身體無法產(chǎn)生或正常使用胰島素而造成的高血糖。II型糖尿病是最普遍的糖尿病類型，通常與體重增加和年齡增加有關(guān)。這種疾病會(huì)增加心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)、腎臟疾病、失明、截肢及神經(jīng)損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。另一種是I型糖尿病，是一種自身免疫疾病，通常在孩童時(shí)期得到確診。
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has projected that as many as 1 in 3 U.S. adults could have diabetes by 2050. The disease is currently the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S.
美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，簡(jiǎn)稱CDC)預(yù)測(cè)到2050年，高達(dá)三分之一的成年美國(guó)人都會(huì)患糖尿病。目前糖尿病是美國(guó)人第七大死因。
Doctors say that improving diet is important not only for managing diabetes, but for keeping the adult-onset Type 2 at bay for those with the highest risk. The CDC estimates that 35% of U.S. adults age 20 and older─nearly 80 million Americans, by the agency's estimate─are affected with prediabetes, a condition in which people have higher-than-normal blood-glucose levels. People with prediabetes also have a higher risk of developing problems like heart disease and stroke.
醫(yī)生們表示，改善飲食不僅對(duì)控制糖尿病至關(guān)重要，而且可以預(yù)防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高的成年人群的患病。CDC估計(jì)35%的20歲及以上的美國(guó)人──據(jù)估計(jì)相當(dāng)于近8,000萬(wàn)人──處于糖尿病前期狀態(tài)，即血糖水平高于正常值。糖尿病前期病人出現(xiàn)心臟病和中風(fēng)等問題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也較高。
Researchers said one of the limitations of the study was that participants were mostly white, educated U.S. adults. Some groups have a higher risk than others for developing Type 2 diabetes, according to the diabetes association, including African-Americans and Hispanics.
研究人員說，該項(xiàng)研究的一個(gè)局限是大多數(shù)參與研究者都是受過教育的美國(guó)白人。據(jù)美國(guó)糖尿病協(xié)會(huì)稱，有些人群罹患II型糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比較高，包括非洲裔和西班牙裔美國(guó)人。
The diabetes and red-meat analysis involved data from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study collected between 1986 and 2006, as well as information from two groups of women in the Nurses' Health studies collected during a similar time period
這項(xiàng)針對(duì)糖尿病和紅肉攝入的研究分析了來自從醫(yī)人員跟進(jìn)研究(Health Professionals Follow-Up Study)1986年至2006年間的數(shù)據(jù)，以及護(hù)士健康研究項(xiàng)目(Nurses' Health Study)在同一個(gè)時(shí)期內(nèi)收集于兩組女性參與者的信息。
A Diabetes Primer for Carnivores
肉食者的糖尿病初級(jí)指南
PREVALENCE
患病率
347 million people world-wide have diabetes
全球共有3.47億糖尿病患者
26 million in the U.S. have it (19 million diagnosed, 7 million undiagnosed)
美國(guó)共有2,600萬(wàn)糖尿病患者（1,900萬(wàn)確診，700萬(wàn)未確診）
8.3% of the U.S. population is affected
占美國(guó)總?cè)丝?.3%
27% of Americans with diabetes don't know they have it
27%的美國(guó)糖尿病患者不知道自己有糖尿病
35% of the U.S. population age 20 years or older has prediabetes
35%的20歲及以上的美國(guó)人有糖尿病前期癥狀
RED MEAT CHOICES FOR DIABETICS
糖尿病患者如何選紅肉
The American Diabetes Association recommends that meat eaters opt for Choice or Select grades of beef that are trimmed of fat. Cuts include chuck, rib, flank, Porterhouse, T-bone, rump roast, sirloin and tenderloin.
美國(guó)糖尿病協(xié)會(huì)建議肉食者選擇除掉脂肪的特選級(jí)(Choice)或可選級(jí)(Select)牛肉。部位包括肩胛肉、肋排、牛腹、腰脊、丁骨、后臀肉、外脊肉和里脊肉。
Other acceptable options: lamb chop, leg or roast, Canadian bacon, beef jerky, organ meats, game meat (including buffalo, duck, goose, venison), veal loin chop or roast.
其他可接受的選擇：羊排、烤羊腿、加拿大培根、牛肉干、內(nèi)臟、野味（包括水牛、鴨、鵝、鹿肉），小牛腰肉排或烤肉。
