
Beijing is engaged in systematic cyber spying on the US military and private businesses to acquire technology to boost its military modernisation and strengthen its capacity in any regional crisis, according to the Pentagon.
五角大樓稱,中國(guó)正對(duì)美國(guó)軍方和私營(yíng)企業(yè)展開系統(tǒng)化的網(wǎng)絡(luò)間諜活動(dòng),以求獲取有助于中國(guó)軍事現(xiàn)代化的技術(shù)、加強(qiáng)自身在地區(qū)性危機(jī)中的實(shí)力。
In its annual report to Congress on the People’s Liberation Army, the Pentagon gives new emphasis to the threat of cyber espionage from China, an issue that has been the subject of top-level complaints to Beijing by Washington.
在其提交給美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)的、關(guān)于中國(guó)人民解放軍的年度報(bào)告中,五角大樓對(duì)來自中國(guó)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)間諜活動(dòng)威脅給予了新的強(qiáng)調(diào)。這個(gè)問題已成為美方向中方發(fā)出的高層抱怨的主題。
The report says China “is using its computer network exploitation capability to support intelligence collection against the US diplomatic, economic and defence industrial base sectors that support US national (military) programmes.”
報(bào)告稱,中國(guó)“正動(dòng)用其電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)利用能力來支持情報(bào)收集活動(dòng),活動(dòng)的目標(biāo)是那些支撐美國(guó)國(guó)家(軍事)計(jì)劃的美國(guó)外交、經(jīng)濟(jì)和國(guó)防工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)部門。”
Although such allegations have long been directed at China, the Pentagon’s comments are perhaps the strongest yet about an issue that is raising the ire of many of Beijing’s critics in Congress. Washington has also used cyber warfare tactics, most notably in its battle to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons capability, but US officials have said the country does not steal commercial or technological secrets.
雖然中國(guó)一直受到這類指控,但五角大樓的最新報(bào)告在措辭上可能是迄今為止最強(qiáng)烈的。這個(gè)問題正在美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)中激起許多對(duì)中國(guó)持批評(píng)態(tài)度的人士的怒火。美國(guó)自身也使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)術(shù),最突出的就是它為阻止伊朗獲得核武能力而發(fā)起的網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)斗,但美國(guó)官員表示,美國(guó)并不竊取商業(yè)或技術(shù)秘密。
In its report, the Pentagon paints a picture of a highly organised adversary which is using multiple methods to acquire technology, ranging from state businesses to students to old-fashioned espionage.
五角大樓在報(bào)告中描繪了一個(gè)具有高度組織性的對(duì)手。從國(guó)企、留學(xué)生到傳統(tǒng)的間諜手段,這個(gè)對(duì)手正利用多種方法來獲取技術(shù)。
“China continues to leverage foreign investments, commercial joint ventures, academic exchanges, the experience of repatriated Chinese students and researchers, and state-sponsored industrial and technical espionage to increase the level of technologies and expertise available to support military research, development and acquisition,” the report says.
“中國(guó)繼續(xù)利用海外投資、商業(yè)合資項(xiàng)目、學(xué)術(shù)交流、回國(guó)的中國(guó)留學(xué)生和研究人員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、以及政府支持的工業(yè)和技術(shù)間諜活動(dòng),來提高技術(shù)水平、提升可支持軍事研究、開發(fā)及獲取的技能,”報(bào)告表示。
“In 2012, numerous computer systems around the world, including those owned by the US government, continued to be targeted for intrusions, some of which appear to be attributable directly to the Chinese government and military.”
“2012年,世界各地有無數(shù)電腦系統(tǒng),包括美國(guó)政府擁有的電腦系統(tǒng),繼續(xù)成為侵入目標(biāo),其中一些侵入行為似乎可直接歸咎于中國(guó)政府和中國(guó)軍方。”
The PLA is under the direct leadership of the Communist party, and its head, Xi Jinping, appointed last year. Mr Xi carries the less important title of state president as well. The party also appoints all the senior executives of the big state-owned enterprises, arousing suspicion from China’s rivals overseas that these companies are both commercial entities and vehicles for the broader interests of the state.
解放軍受中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨及去年上任的中共中央總書記習(xí)近平的直接領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。習(xí)近平另外還擔(dān)任重要性不那么高的國(guó)家主席職務(wù)。中共還任命大型國(guó)有企業(yè)的所有高管,這種做法使得中國(guó)在海外的對(duì)手懷疑這些企業(yè)既是商業(yè)實(shí)體、也是國(guó)家整體利益的工具。
The Pentagon report reiterates that the primary aim of PLA modernisation has been to ensure that Beijing prevails in any possible clash with Taiwan, which it regards as a renegade province and part of China.
五角大樓的報(bào)告重申,解放軍現(xiàn)代化的首要目標(biāo)是確保中國(guó)大陸在其與臺(tái)灣可能發(fā)生的沖突中占據(jù)上風(fēng)。北京方面把臺(tái)灣視為一個(gè)叛離省份及中國(guó)的一部分。
But while preparing for a potential conflict in the Strait of Taiwan appears to remain China’s principal focus, the military has been expanding its contacts with the armed forces of other countries.
但是,盡管為臺(tái)海潛在沖突進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備似乎仍是中國(guó)的主要關(guān)注點(diǎn),但中國(guó)軍方近來也一直在擴(kuò)大對(duì)抗范圍,與其他國(guó)家的軍隊(duì)發(fā)生對(duì)峙。
“Its military modernisation has also become increasingly focused on investments in capabilities to conduct a wider range of missions beyond its immediate territorial concerns,” the report says.
“中國(guó)的軍事現(xiàn)代化還日益聚焦于投資發(fā)展各種能力,以執(zhí)行超出其緊迫領(lǐng)土關(guān)切范圍的更廣泛任務(wù),”報(bào)告表示。
The PLA’s expanded role has included counter-piracy and humanitarian assistance missions.
解放軍擴(kuò)大后的角色迄今已包括打擊海盜和執(zhí)行人道主義援助任務(wù)。