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Juhi Nondi, a 20-year-old college student, takes the train every day to and from school here, toting a satchel of textbooks and looking stylish in her skinny jeans and T-shirts─and long, sharp fingernails.
朱希?儂迪(Juhi Nondi)是一名20歲的大學(xué)女生，她每天都要提著一個(gè)書(shū)包乘火車(chē)在加爾各答郊區(qū)的巴拉薩特(Barasat)和學(xué)校之間往返。她穿著緊身牛仔褲和T恤衫，外型時(shí)尚，而且還留著鋒利的長(zhǎng)指甲。
'They're not just for fashion,' she says of her pink nails, 'but also for self-defense.'
她在談到自己的粉色指甲時(shí)說(shuō)道：“留著它們不只是為了時(shí)尚，也為了保護(hù)自己。”
Aggressive sexual harassment is a daily part of her commute in this bustling suburb of Kolkata. A man grabbed her breast one morning, she says. Another day, someone grabbed her hip. Friends carry chili powder, she says, to throw in the eyes of an assailant, a sort of homemade pepper spray.
極具侵犯性的性騷擾成為了她在喧鬧的巴拉薩特坐火車(chē)往返學(xué)校的日常組成部分。她說(shuō)有一天早晨一名男子襲擊了她的胸部，還有一天被人捏了臀部。她的朋友們會(huì)攜帶辣椒粉，將一種自制的辣椒噴霧噴進(jìn)襲擊者的眼中。
'If I'm even a half-hour late coming home, my parents panic,' Ms. Nondi says.
她說(shuō)：“哪怕我只晚了半個(gè)小時(shí)到家，我的父母就會(huì)很恐慌。”
Barasat, which boasts a shopping mall, a KFC restaurant and a growing number of women in the workplace, is a typical, if modest Indian economic success story. But it is typical of urban India in another way, too: Here and nationwide, women say harassment of women is a fixture of daily life.
巴拉薩特有一家購(gòu)物中心和一家肯德基(KFC)，工作場(chǎng)所也出現(xiàn)了越來(lái)越多的女性。該地區(qū)在經(jīng)濟(jì)上取得的成功（即便只是一般的成功）算得上是印度的一個(gè)典型。此外，它在另一個(gè)方面也是印度各城市的典型──在這兒以及印度各地，女性們都表示性騷擾已成為她們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械某Ｊ隆?/div>
In December, India's climate of sexual violence burst onto the world's consciousness after a young woman on a bus in New Delhi was so brutally gang-raped and assaulted that she died of her injuries. That attack provoked nationwide protests and prompted national introspection about the broader spectrum of harassment─from stalking to groping─that often goes unpunished and can lead to more aggravated assault, experts say.
去年12月，繼一名在新德里搭乘巴士的年輕女孩因遭到殘忍的輪奸和毆打而受傷去世之后，國(guó)際社會(huì)突然意識(shí)到了印度的性暴力風(fēng)氣。此次暴力事件在全印度引發(fā)了抗議活動(dòng)，促使印度國(guó)民開(kāi)始反思性騷擾的問(wèn)題──從跟蹤到撫摸身體，性騷擾的形式越來(lái)越多樣，而且據(jù)專(zhuān)家們稱(chēng)，這些行為常常不會(huì)遭到懲罰，因而可能會(huì)引發(fā)更加惡劣的侵犯。
Here in Barasat, interviews with two dozen women yielded consistent stories of recent and repeated harassment. Men trail women on foot or on scooters, making crude remarks and grabbing at the scarf worn to cover the chest. It happens at the train station, they said, in the fish-market lane, on the road to the university and outside the police station.
在巴拉薩特，記者對(duì)二十余名女性的采訪發(fā)現(xiàn)，她們基本都在最近遭遇過(guò)騷擾或者以前曾經(jīng)不斷地受到騷擾。常常有男子走路或騎摩托車(chē)跟蹤她們，對(duì)她們說(shuō)粗野露骨的話，伸手抓她們圍著遮擋胸部的圍巾。她們說(shuō)她們常在火車(chē)站、魚(yú)市的小路、去往學(xué)校的路上甚至是警局門(mén)外遭到騷擾。
Many women interviewed complained that police do little to stop it. One local officer, when asked about that by a reporter, responded: 'If these incidents don't happen, what will happen to our jobs?'
許多受訪女性控訴警方幾乎沒(méi)有采取什么行動(dòng)來(lái)制止性騷擾。巴拉薩特當(dāng)?shù)匾幻瘑T在回應(yīng)一名記者對(duì)此事的提問(wèn)時(shí)說(shuō)道：“如果不出現(xiàn)這些事情，我們的飯碗怎么辦？”
A senior Barasat police official said the police take all complaints seriously. The police said the department couldn't provide hard numbers on harassment complaints, arrests or convictions.
當(dāng)?shù)匾幻呒?jí)警員稱(chēng)，警方對(duì)所有投訴都認(rèn)真對(duì)待。警方稱(chēng)，警局不能提供有關(guān)性騷擾投訴、拘捕或定罪的確切數(shù)字。
Women say they travel in groups, some carrying sharp objects─safety pins, pocket knives─to discourage harassers. Still, occasionally there are more serious assaults. In early 2011, a 16-year-old boy was stabbed to death trying to protect his 22-year-old sister, Rinku Das, as she returned home one evening from her call-center job.
女士們說(shuō)她們會(huì)結(jié)伴出行，有些人還會(huì)攜帶安全別針和小折刀等鋒利物品以趕跑騷擾者。盡管如此，偶爾還是會(huì)出現(xiàn)非常嚴(yán)重的襲擊。2011年初的一天夜里，一名16歲的男孩在護(hù)送自己的姐姐、22歲的琳庫(kù)?達(dá)斯(Rinku Das)從客服中心下班的途中因試圖保護(hù)她而被人刺死。
As usual, her brother picked her up on his bicycle from the station, Ms. Das says. Three men blocked the bike, she says, poured alcohol on her, and attacked her brother as he sprang to her defense.
達(dá)斯回憶道，那天晚上弟弟像往常一樣騎著自行車(chē)到車(chē)站接她，三名男子堵住了自行車(chē)的去路，往她身上倒酒，并在弟弟奮力保護(hù)她時(shí)對(duì)他發(fā)起攻擊。
As her brother was being beaten with bamboo canes, Ms. Das says, she pounded on a nearby senior police officer's bungalow. The guards outside told her they couldn't help. 'I screamed and shouted for help in the middle of the street,' she says.
她說(shuō)，在弟弟遭受竹條毆打時(shí)，她跑到附近一名高級(jí)警官的住處前用力敲門(mén)，門(mén)外的警衛(wèi)告訴她他們無(wú)能為力。她說(shuō)：“我站在街中央尖叫，大聲呼救。”
Kalyan Banerjee, the main police officer dealing with Ms. Das's case, said the bungalow guards aren't allowed to leave their posts.
處理達(dá)斯一案的主要警員卡爾揚(yáng)?班納吉(Kalyan Banerjee)說(shuō)，警官住處的警衛(wèi)不得離開(kāi)崗位。
The three alleged attackers face murder charges and have pleaded not guilty. They are in judicial custody.
那三名嫌疑人現(xiàn)面臨謀殺指控，他們都辯護(hù)自己無(wú)罪，目前正遭到司法監(jiān)禁。
After the killing, police say, they intensified patrols, put more plainclothes officers on the street and opened a new women's police station across from the Barasat Government College. From there, 18 female officers patrol high-frequency harassment areas.
警方稱(chēng)他們?cè)谶@起命案發(fā)生之后加強(qiáng)了巡邏，增派了更多便衣警察上街，并在巴拉薩特政府學(xué)院(Barasat Government College)對(duì)面新設(shè)了一家女子警局。來(lái)自該警局的18名女警員會(huì)在性騷擾高發(fā)地區(qū)巡邏。
But the roots of the problem run deep, starting in childhood. Across India, daughters are often less valued than sons─a reality that shows up in India's skewed gender ratios.
然而，性騷擾問(wèn)題的源頭根深蒂固，從人們的童年時(shí)期便已開(kāi)始。在印度各地，女兒往往沒(méi)有兒子受重視，這一事實(shí)也在印度失衡的性別比例中得到體現(xiàn)。
India has 37 million more men than women, partly because the preference for sons prompts sex-selective abortions and infanticide. Women also have a higher overall mortality rate than men, partly because of bias and neglect over a lifetime, according to recent research, as well as mortality during childbirth.
印度的男性數(shù)量比女性多出3700萬(wàn)，部分是因?yàn)閷?duì)兒子的偏愛(ài)導(dǎo)致人們選擇性別墮胎和殺嬰。此外，近期也有研究顯示，女性的總死亡率也高于男性，其中一部分原因是她們?cè)谝簧?dāng)中都遭到歧視和忽視，另一部分原因則是有些女性在分娩期間死亡。
Some argue that the harassment is a byproduct of economic growth in places like Barasat. A few decades ago, Barasat was a dirt-road town of a few thousand people. Today it is a growing suburb of sprawling Kolkata, with apartment buildings and gated communities with names like Fortune Township. The population tops a quarter-million.
有些人認(rèn)為，性騷擾是像巴拉薩特這樣的地方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的副產(chǎn)物。在幾十年前，巴拉薩特還是一個(gè)只有數(shù)千人口、全是泥土路的小鎮(zhèn)，如今它成為了不斷擴(kuò)張的加爾各答的郊區(qū)，處于發(fā)展之中，興建起一座座公寓樓和擁有像“Fortune Township”這樣的名字的封閉式社區(qū)，現(xiàn)在其人口超過(guò)了25萬(wàn)。
Men and women alike have benefited greatly, but society remains deeply conservative. 'For generations, men haven't seen women so empowered,' says Mayank Saksena, an executive at consulting firm Jones Lang LaSalle who has developed real estate in Barasat and has studied the town closely. 'It builds jealousy and envy.'
男性與女性均從中獲益匪淺，但是社會(huì)依然極度保守。咨詢(xún)公司仲量聯(lián)行(Jones Lang LaSalle)的高管馬彥克?薩克塞納(Mayank Saksena)說(shuō)：“多少代人以來(lái)，男性從未看到過(guò)女性如此強(qiáng)大，這導(dǎo)致了他們的嫉妒與羨慕。”
In particular, men lacking enough formal education to climb the economic ladder may find casual work as food vendors, rickshaw pullers, drivers or laborers, which might pay about $100 per month. Around them, in Barasat, they see growing numbers of young, modern women making their way to colleges and call centers.
特別是那些缺乏足夠的正規(guī)教育因而無(wú)法提升經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的男性可能會(huì)從事食品商販、人力車(chē)夫、司機(jī)或是工人等月薪或許只有100美元左右的臨時(shí)工作。在巴拉薩特，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)身邊有越來(lái)越多的年輕摩登的女性開(kāi)始上大學(xué)或是進(jìn)入呼叫中心工作。
A report commissioned by the Indian government after the Delhi rape and murder described the danger nationwide of 'young, prospect-less men' whose frustrations are 'lending intensity to a pre-existing culture of sexual violence.'
一份在新德里輪奸及謀殺案發(fā)生后由印度政府委托所作的報(bào)告描述了全印度各地普遍存在的“前途渺茫的年輕男性”的沮喪情緒“加劇早前已存在的性暴力文化”的危險(xiǎn)。
In response to that report, the government this month enacted a temporary ordinance that cracks down on various types of sexual harassment and assault. For example, 'unwelcome and explicit sexual overtures' are punishable with up to five years in prison, while 'making sexually coloured remarks' can yield a one-year jail term. Parliament must ratify the ordinance to make it permanent, otherwise it will expire in several weeks.
為應(yīng)對(duì)這份報(bào)告所提出的問(wèn)題，印度政府在2月份頒布了一項(xiàng)打擊各種類(lèi)型的性騷擾和性侵犯行為的臨時(shí)法令。其中，“令人不悅的公然的性挑逗”最高可遭到監(jiān)禁五年的處罰，而“說(shuō)帶有性意味的言語(yǔ)”可被判入獄一年。這項(xiàng)法令必須獲得內(nèi)閣的批準(zhǔn)才能成為永久性法律，否則它將在幾個(gè)星期后失效。
Anima Sarkar, a political-science student, described an encounter with three Barasat men late last year. The 23-year-old and three of her male friends were walking the few hundred yards from the college to the train station, when the men started verbally harassing her, she says. 'Women are like a commodity, a product,' she recalled one of them saying. 'You are a good product.'
政治學(xué)系學(xué)生阿尼瑪?薩卡爾(Anima Sarkar)講述了在去年年底遭到三名巴拉薩特男子騷擾的事情。23歲的她和三名男性友人走在從學(xué)校通往火車(chē)站的那條幾百碼長(zhǎng)的路上時(shí)，那幾名男子開(kāi)始對(duì)她進(jìn)行言語(yǔ)騷擾。她回憶稱(chēng)其中一名男子說(shuō)道：“女人就像商品，像產(chǎn)品，你這件產(chǎn)品不錯(cuò)。”
She scolded one of them, she says, by asking: 'Don't you have a sister or mother at home?'
她說(shuō)她斥責(zé)了其中一人，問(wèn)道：“你家里難道沒(méi)有姐妹和母親嗎？”
A skirmish ensued between the men and Ms. Sarkar's friends. One man grabbed her scarf and hand, she says, and she slapped him.
接下來(lái)那群男子與薩卡爾的朋友們爆發(fā)了沖突。她說(shuō)有一名男子抓住她的圍巾和手，于是她煽了他一巴掌。
Bystanders intervened and dragged one of the alleged attackers, Tapan Sen, down the street to the police station. Police later tracked down two other suspects, Mintu Sarkar (no relation to Anima), and Raju Biswas.
圍觀者施以援手，將其中一名襲擊者塔潘?森(Tapan Sen)拉拽至街尾的警察局。警方后來(lái)追查到了另外兩名嫌犯──明圖?薩卡爾(Mintu Sarkar，與阿尼瑪沒(méi)有親屬關(guān)系)和拉祖?比斯瓦斯(Raju Biswas)。
The men, who spent a night in jail, are out on bail as police investigate harassment-related charges. None has been charged with any wrongdoing. In interviews, they say they were out shopping that night and encountered Ms. Sarkar but deny harassing or assaulting her. They allege that a fourth man, whom they know by the nickname 'The Master,' insulted and groped her.
這三名男子在監(jiān)獄里呆了一個(gè)晚上，他們?cè)诰秸{(diào)查騷擾相關(guān)指控期間獲保釋出獄，無(wú)一人被指控有任何違法行為。這些人在采訪中稱(chēng)他們?cè)谀峭硗獬鲑?gòu)物時(shí)遇到了阿尼瑪，但否認(rèn)騷擾和侵犯了她。他們指稱(chēng)另一名他們認(rèn)識(shí)的綽號(hào)名為“老師”(The Master)的男子侮辱和撫摸了阿尼瑪。
Mr. Sen, 23, is a part-time driver who dropped out of school after ninth grade to work at a car-repair shop. He earns about $75 a month.
在這三人中，23歲的森是一名兼職司機(jī)，他在讀完九年級(jí)后輟學(xué)進(jìn)入一家汽車(chē)修理店工作。其每個(gè)月的收入約為75美元。
Mr. Sarkar, 34 years old, owns a shop that makes door and window frames. 'I really began this business from scratch,' he said. He is unmarried and lives with his parents, two elder brothers and their wives. He has a high-school diploma.
今年34的明圖?薩卡爾有一家制作門(mén)框和窗框的店鋪。他說(shuō)：“我是真正白手起家開(kāi)起這家店的。”他擁有高中文憑，至今未婚，與父母和兩個(gè)哥哥及嫂子住在一起。
Mr. Biswas is a 23-year-old orphan with a wife, a 3-year-old daughter and no formal education. He says he makes about $150 a month as a contract laborer in Mr. Sarkar's shop, getting paid according to the number of pieces he makes.
今年23歲的比斯瓦斯是一名孤兒，已婚并有一個(gè)三歲的女兒，沒(méi)有接受過(guò)正規(guī)教育。他說(shuō)他在明圖?薩卡爾的店鋪?zhàn)鲆幻贤ぃ總€(gè)月大約掙150美元，領(lǐng)取的是計(jì)件工資。
The men described the fourth man, The Master, as a middle-aged, part-time teacher who hung around their window-and-door-making shop. 'He would stare lewdly at women passing by in the market,' Mr. Biswas said.
他們稱(chēng)第四名男子──“老師”──是一名中年兼職教師，經(jīng)常在他們的門(mén)窗店鋪附近游蕩。比斯瓦斯說(shuō)：“他會(huì)在市場(chǎng)中用猥褻的眼光盯著路過(guò)的女性看。”
According to Mr. Biswas's account, The Master was with them the night of the attack. He spoke to Ms. Sarkar and lunged at her, but then disappeared into the crowd, Mr. Biswas alleges, leaving the others to take the blame.
根據(jù)比斯瓦斯的描述，“老師”在襲擊那晚和他們?cè)谝黄稹Ｋ桶⒛岈斢羞^(guò)言語(yǔ)交談，然后向她撲去，但是后來(lái)混在人群中消失，留下其他人承擔(dān)過(guò)錯(cuò)。
The Master couldn't be reached for comment. Police said they were unaware of him and his alleged role in the attack.
記者未能聯(lián)系到“老師”置評(píng)。警方稱(chēng)他們不知道“老師”其人及其在這次襲擊中扮演的角色。
After the incident, Ms. Sarkar says, her neighbors told her parents that she must have done something wrong─that somehow the attack was her fault. Her parents grounded her for weeks, so she lost her job tutoring kids in math and science.
阿尼瑪說(shuō)，在發(fā)生這件事情后，鄰居對(duì)她的父母說(shuō)她肯定做了什么不對(duì)的事情──從某種角度來(lái)說(shuō)這次襲擊是她的錯(cuò)。她的父母將她禁足了幾個(gè)星期，她為此丟掉了為小孩輔導(dǎo)數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)課程的家教工作。
Ms. Sarkar, the daughter of a fruit vendor whose family of four lives on about $100 a month, plans to go to law school, but not in Barasat. 'My friends and I say it's better if we run away from here when we graduate,' she says.
阿尼瑪?shù)母赣H是一名水果商販，她們的四口之家依靠每個(gè)月大約100美元的收入維持生計(jì)。她計(jì)劃以后去讀法學(xué)院，但不準(zhǔn)備在巴拉薩特讀。她說(shuō)：“我和朋友們都認(rèn)為如果我們?cè)诋厴I(yè)時(shí)逃離這兒肯定會(huì)更好。”
Police say they are investigating charges of harassing a woman with intent to 'outrage her modesty.' Before the new ordinance, it was the only crime in India's criminal code dealing with harassment of women.
警方表示他們正在調(diào)查那些有關(guān)懷著“冒犯其尊嚴(yán)”的意圖騷擾女性的指控。在那項(xiàng)新臨時(shí)法令頒布之前，這是印度的刑法中唯一一條涉及對(duì)女性進(jìn)行性騷擾問(wèn)題的罪名。
The law allows for a maximum of two years' imprisonment. In practice, such punishments are rare. Maheshwar Banerjee, public prosecutor in Barasat, said that he can't recall any harassment case since he took charge of the office in October 2011 that resulted in punishment.
此類(lèi)行為最高可判兩年。在實(shí)際執(zhí)法過(guò)程中，此類(lèi)懲罰非常少見(jiàn)。巴拉薩特檢察官馬哈什瓦爾?班納吉(Maheshwar Banerjee)稱(chēng)，自從他在2011年10月上任以來(lái)，他不記得有任何一起性騷擾案件遭到了懲罰。
Often, the complainants don't appear in court because they are afraid of tarnishing their family's image or hurting their marriage prospects, he said. 'The women's families don't like to pursue the cases,' he said.
他指出，性騷擾控訴常常不會(huì)訴諸法庭，因?yàn)槭芎ε院ε逻@樣會(huì)玷污家庭的形象或是破壞她們的婚姻前景，因此那些女性的家庭不愿意提起訴訟。
The areas where women complain harassment is most commonplace are the busy markets and intersections near the train station and the heart of town. One lane from the station passes the local courthouse. The other lane begins at a police station, passes a fish market and vegetable vendors and reaches the office of the District Magistrate, the most senior official.
女性控訴性騷擾事件最高發(fā)的地方是繁忙的市場(chǎng)、火車(chē)站附近的十字路口和市中心地區(qū)。其中有一條路始于火車(chē)站的小巷經(jīng)過(guò)當(dāng)?shù)氐姆ㄔ海硪粭l路始于警局，經(jīng)過(guò)一家魚(yú)市和一批蔬菜攤、最后達(dá)到當(dāng)?shù)刈罡唛L(zhǎng)官──地方行政官──的辦公地。
The streets are packed with bicycle rickshaws and shoppers visiting jewelry stores, Internet cafes and snack vendors. Men gather at the tea stall on the road to the college.
這些街道上滿(mǎn)是人力車(chē)、逛珠寶店的購(gòu)物者、網(wǎng)吧以及小吃攤販。通往大學(xué)的那條路上的茶攤上總是聚集著一群男子。
Behind the college is an alley known for illegal liquor shops, where men drink and gamble. Barasat has one police officer for every 1,030 people─just about India's average─compared with one policeman per 390 people in the U.S. and one per 236 people in New York City.
在大學(xué)的后方是一條以非法酒鋪聞名的小巷，不少男性聚集在那兒喝酒賭博。巴拉薩特警員與居民的比例是一比1,030，大約只是印度的平均水平。相比之下，美國(guó)的警員與居民比為一比390，紐約市的比例則達(dá)到了一比236。
Some policemen appear more concerned about being punished for not stopping harassment than protecting women from such incidents, according to several women interviewed who commute regularly by train.
幾名經(jīng)常乘火車(chē)通勤的受訪女性稱(chēng)，一些警員更關(guān)心的似乎是不要因?yàn)闆](méi)有阻止性騷擾而受到處分，而不是保護(hù)女性免受性騷擾。
Shumi Kundu, 22, says that last month she had an encounter with two police officers that left the impression they were more concerned about their own well-being than hers. At the time, she was sitting on a bench at a train platform. The cops approached her and asked her to leave.
現(xiàn)年22歲的舒米?坎都(Shumi Kundu)說(shuō)，她在上個(gè)月碰到的兩名警員讓她覺(jué)得他們更關(guān)心的是自己的利益而不是她的利益。當(dāng)時(shí)她正坐在一個(gè)火車(chē)站站臺(tái)的長(zhǎng)凳上，那兩名警察走到她身旁要她離開(kāi)。
'They said if I didn't leave and something bad happened to me, they'd be blamed for it,' Ms. Kundu said.
坎都說(shuō)：“他們說(shuō)如果我不離開(kāi)，要是我出了事的話，他們就會(huì)為此受到責(zé)罰。”
A.K. Sarkar, an official in the Barasat Railway Police, which is in charge of security on train platforms, said officers take their duties seriously. 'If anything at all happens, then we go and intervene,' he said.
巴拉薩特鐵路警局負(fù)責(zé)鐵路站臺(tái)安全工作的警員A.K.薩卡爾(A.K. Sarkar)稱(chēng)，警員們都認(rèn)真對(duì)待他們的職責(zé)。他說(shuō)：“如果有任何事情發(fā)生，我們都會(huì)出動(dòng)干預(yù)。”
