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As summer approaches we all enjoy outdoor activities. But with sunlight becoming more intense we should protect our skin from harmful direct exposure to the sun.
隨著夏日的到來(lái)，我們都喜歡進(jìn)行一些戶(hù)外運(yùn)動(dòng)。但因?yàn)槿照沼訌?qiáng)烈，我們應(yīng)避免將自己的皮膚直接暴露在太陽(yáng)下。
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause damage such as premature aging (wrinkles and age spots), skin cancer, damage to the eyes and even blindness.
紫外線(xiàn)（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)UV）輻射會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚過(guò)早衰老（產(chǎn)生皺紋和老年斑）、皮膚癌、還可能會(huì)傷害眼睛甚至導(dǎo)致失明。
Sunscreen, in the form of lotion, spray or cream, provides a chemical barrier which reflects or absorbs UV radiation.
防曬乳液、防曬噴霧或防曬霜等防曬產(chǎn)品都能通過(guò)反射或吸收紫外線(xiàn)，為皮膚提供化學(xué)防護(hù)。
However, there are reports that sunscreen contains toxic or cancer-causing chemicals. In China, some products have been found to contain heavy metal elements such as lead, arsenic and mercury. Medical experts warn that they can damage the kidneys.
然而，有報(bào)道稱(chēng)防曬護(hù)膚品中含有致癌或有毒的化學(xué)成分。在中國(guó)，一些產(chǎn)品被查出含有鉛、砷、汞等重金屬。醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)家提醒這些重金屬會(huì)對(duì)腎臟造成傷害。
In May, CNN reported that, according to the Environmental Working Group, 75 percent of 800 sunscreens tested in the US contained potentially harmful ingredients. Only one-fourth of them were effective at protecting our skin without any toxicity.
本月，美國(guó)有線(xiàn)電視新聞網(wǎng)CNN報(bào)道稱(chēng)，在由美國(guó)環(huán)保機(jī)構(gòu)“環(huán)境工作小組”發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)報(bào)告中，美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)800種送檢的防曬產(chǎn)品中，有75%含有潛在危害成分。僅有1/4的產(chǎn)品既不含任何毒素，又能有效保護(hù)皮膚。
For instance, 56 percent of the products contained oxybenzone, which serves to absorb UV. But studies show that oxybenzone can be absorbed through the skin, and it is believed to be linked to hormone disruption, cell damage and may lead to skin cancer.
例如，56%的產(chǎn)品含有能夠吸收紫外線(xiàn)的氧苯酮。但研究表明，氧苯酮可被皮膚吸收，人們認(rèn)為該物質(zhì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致內(nèi)分泌紊亂，細(xì)胞損傷，甚至可能誘發(fā)皮膚癌。
The US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) says the ingredient is safe. Besides, a type of Vitamin A is also considered to be risky, but there is no conclusive evidence yet.
美國(guó)食品藥物管理局則表示這一成分安全無(wú)害。此外，一種維生素A也被認(rèn)為存在安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但目前尚無(wú)確切證據(jù)。
So, how do you choose the best sunscreen? Apart from picking up those with no toxic chemicals, it’s wise to apply a water-resistant, broad-spectrum sunscreen, with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15 or 30.
那么該如何選擇最佳防曬霜呢？除了要選用那些不含有毒化學(xué)成分的產(chǎn)品之外，明智之舉是使用防曬系數(shù)（SPF）達(dá)到15或30以上的防水廣譜防曬霜。
This will protect you against both types of ultraviolet radiation (UVA and UVB), says the Environmental Working Group.
美國(guó)環(huán)境工作小組稱(chēng)，這種防曬霜可以抵御兩種紫外線(xiàn)輻射：UVA和UVB。
UV radiation has two primary types of rays: UVA that has relative long wavelengths can deeply penetrate the skin and cause cell damage, and UVB are shorter-wavelength rays that affects the out layer of skin and chiefly cause reddening and sunburn.
紫外線(xiàn)輻射中主要包含兩種射線(xiàn)：波長(zhǎng)較長(zhǎng)的UVA可以穿透皮膚導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞損傷，而波長(zhǎng)較短的UVB則影響皮膚表層，主要會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚發(fā)紅和曬傷。
Sunscreens are made in a wide range of sun protection factors. The higher the SPF indicates better protection against sunburn-causing rays. For extended higher exposure, you may want a minimum of SPF of 30 to 50.
防曬產(chǎn)品的防曬系數(shù)范圍很廣。防曬系數(shù)SPF值越高，抵御導(dǎo)致曬傷的紫外線(xiàn)的效果越好。如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露在日光下，你用的防曬品SPF值至少要在30-50之間。
Sunscreen with SPF 15 can block about 93 percent of all UVB rays, while SPF 30 blocks 97 percent and SPF 50 blocks 98 percent.
SPF 15的防曬霜可以抵御93%的UVB射線(xiàn)，而SPF 30的則可抵御97%，SPF50的能達(dá)到98%。
“Dermatologists recommend using sunscreen in conjunction with other sun-safe practices,” wrote Daniel. M. Siegel, president of American Academy of Dermatology on its official website.
美國(guó)皮膚病學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)丹尼爾•M•西格爾在該學(xué)會(huì)官方網(wǎng)站寫(xiě)道：“皮膚科醫(yī)生建議在使用防曬產(chǎn)品的同時(shí)，也要結(jié)合采取其他的防曬手段。”
