profiteering 倒爺

For the market economy, a dual-pricing system was tried in 1979. The price of certain goods was fixed and they were distributed instead of sold. If a factory exceeded its quota, it could sell the surplus at a higher price. People close to government or factory officials got the low-priced goods and sold them at a higher price. This profiteering was outlawed in 1987.

在 1979年的市場經(jīng)濟體制下，價格雙軌制開始實行。那時，某些特定商品的價格是固定的，這些商品不對外出售而是采取分配的方式。若生產(chǎn)量超出配額，工廠可以高價賣出這些剩余商品。如此一來，那些政府、工廠領(lǐng)導的"關(guān)系戶"就能以低價買進這些商品，然后再高價賣出。到了1987年，這種倒買倒賣的行為才被禁止。

youth waiting for job 待業(yè)青年

The unemployed young people of the 1980s, after the government stopped assigning jobs to middle school grads, at State-owned enterprises or government offices. Some unemployed youth could "inherit" a post from a retired parent. Others tried small businesses.

80年代，政府停止為中學畢業(yè)生提供國企及政府機關(guān)的工作機會，致使社會上出現(xiàn)大批待業(yè)青年。其中，一部分人能從退休父母那里繼承工作；另一部分人則只能選擇小型企業(yè)。

1990s 20世紀90年代

speculate in stock 炒股

Investing in the stock market was the order of the day in the late 1990s after the Shanghai and Shenzhen exchanges opened. Chinese used a word from cooking, "chao" (stir-fry), to describe the unstable nature of the trading, which involved keeping the shares moving (buying and selling) to keep it hot.

90年代，上海、深圳交易所創(chuàng)立后，股票市場投資大行其道。根據(jù)其不穩(wěn)定的特征，中國人用烹飪中的“炒”（翻炒）來形容炒股交易，該詞還包含了保持股票不斷買賣交易、維持股票熱度的含義。