評論
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Business
商業
Labor shortages -- Blue-collar burnout
勞動力短缺——藍領的職業倦怠
Why so many workers are fleeing the hospitality sector
為什么這么多員工離開酒店行業
Restaurant and hotel bosses have had a tough year.
餐廳和酒店老板們度過了艱難的一年。
Some 700,000 hospitality workers threw in the towel on average each month in the past year.
在過去的一年中，平均每個月約有70萬名酒店員工甩手辭職。
Bars, cafes and eateries are 1.3m workers short relative to the 16.9m employed before covid-19.
與新冠之前的1690萬人相比，酒吧、咖啡館和餐館的員工人數減少了130萬。
On January 4th the Bureau of Labour Statistics reported that a record 4.5m Americans quit their jobs in November, 9% up on a month earlier.
1月4日，勞工統計局報告稱，11月份有創紀錄的450萬美國人辭去了他們的工作，比一個月前增加了9%。
The quit rate in leisure and hospitality jumped by a percentage point, to 6.4%.
休閑娛樂和酒店業的離職率上升了一個百分點，達到6.4%。
Uncertainty from the Omicron variant may make matters worse: as cases surged in December, restaurant footfall fell sharply, according to OpenTable, an online booking website.
奧米克戎變體帶來的不確定性可能會使情況變得更加糟糕：根據在線預訂網站OpenTable的數據，隨著12月病例激增，餐廳的客流量急劇下降。
As in other industries, workers in hospitality are leaving for various reasons, from fear of infection to better opportunities elsewhere.
與其他行業一樣，酒店業員工離開的原因也是多種多樣，從害怕感染到能在其他地方找到更好的工作機會。
But one big motive is burnout.
但其中一個很大的辭職原因是疲憊。
Psychological exhaustion is more often associated with hard-charging investment bankers and other professionals.
心理疲憊通常發生在那些強硬的投資銀行家和其他專業人士身上。
Amid the pandemic it has afflicted many blue-collar workers, too.
但在疫情期間，它同樣困擾著許多藍領工作者。
Surveys find that chronic stress is a growing concern across the labour market, but dissatisfaction is especially high in service roles, where hybrid work is not possible.
調查發現，長期壓力是整個勞動力市場日益關注的問題，但在不可能從事混合工作的服務崗位上，不滿情緒尤其高。
Data collected by Glassdoor, an employment portal, found that employees rate the hospitality sector as one of the worst for work-life balance.
就業門戶網站Glassdoor收集的數據顯示，員工將酒店業評為工作與生活平衡最差的行業之一。
Mentions of “burnout” in reviews of employers on the site have doubled during the pandemic.
在疫情期間，網站上對雇主的評論中提到“疲憊”的次數翻了一倍。
Workers report that new tasks such as dealing with angry customers and enforcing health mandates have added to the burden.
員工們稱，應對憤怒的顧客和履行健康規定等新任務增加了他們的負擔。
Work in restaurants and hotels can be physically taxing, poorly paid and unpredictable.
餐館和酒店的工作可能會很耗費體力，報酬低，而且形勢難以預測。
Unlike white-collar workers, who suffer from needing to be constantly available, service workers burn out as a result of uncertain schedules and a lack of control over time, says Ashley Whillans of Harvard Business School.
哈佛商學院的阿什利·惠蘭斯表示，與需要時刻待命的白領不同，服務行業的員工感到精疲力竭的原因是不確定的工作安排和缺乏對時間的掌控。
Ian Cook of Visier, a human-resources-analytics firm, says that time off during lockdowns gave employees an opportunity to reflect on their relationship with “fragile and meagrely paid work”.
人力資源分析公司Visier的伊恩·庫克表示，封鎖期間的休假使員工們有機會反思他們與“脆弱且報酬微薄的工作”之間的關系。
Firms have scrambled to respond.
企業爭相響應。
Many food and accommodation businesses have raised wages—by an average of 8.1% year on year in the third quarter, the highest increase on record.
許多餐飲和住宿行業的企業都提高了工資——第三季度平均同比增長8.1%，是有記錄以來的最高增幅。
That may not be enough.
這可能還不夠。
In one poll of hospitality workers, over half said higher pay will not lure them back by itself.
在一項針對酒店業員工的調查中，超過一半的人表示，單靠更高的工資并不能誘惑他們回來。
Large retailers such as Amazon and Target, which require many of the similar skills, are poaching hospitality staff by offering non-cash perks like subsidised college education, parental leave and career advancement.
亞馬遜和塔吉特等大型零售商——它們需要的需要職業技能類似——正在通過提供非現金福利的方式來挖走酒店業的員工，例如提供大學教育補貼、育兒假和職業晉升通道。
Most restaurants cannot afford to match such offers.
大多數餐廳都提供不了這樣的待遇。
Daniel Zhao, an economist at Glassdoor, foresees a permanent reduction to the hospitality workforce.
Glassdoor的經濟學家丹尼爾·趙預測，酒店業的勞動力將就此永久減少。
“High turnover tends to be contagious,” he says, and early resignations can start a vicious cycle.
“高流動率往往會影響到其他人，”他說，提前辭職可能會開啟惡性循環。
As some workers quit, those who remain must pick up the slack, leading to more stress.
當一些員工辭職，留下來的人就得收拾殘局，從而導致更多的壓力。
This in turn provokes more exits, and so on.
這反過來又會引發更多的離職，循環往復。
Add an ageing population, with dwindling numbers of young people prepared to toil in kitchens or sweep hotel corridors, and hospitality businesses may be contending with blue-collar burnout for years to come.
再加上人口老齡化，愿意在廚房干辛苦活或打掃酒店走廊的年輕人越來越少，在未來幾年，酒店業可能需要持續與藍領職業倦怠作斗爭。
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