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In the second study, scientists led by Tao Dong, an immunologist at the Medical Research Council (MRC), in Britain, went hunting for T-cells.
在第二個研究中，由英國醫學研究委員會（MRC）免疫學者Tao Dong帶領的科學家團隊在尋找T細胞。
These get less press than antibodies, but play an equally vital role in battling infections and securing long-term protection.
這些比抗體受到的關注少，但在對抗感染和獲得長期保護方面發揮著同樣重要的作用。
(Their importance is vividly demonstrated by HIV, which targets and kills them.)
（HIV生動展現了它們的總要性，HIV的目標是找到并殺死它們。）
As described in Nature Immunology, the researchers compared blood samples from 28 mild
正如在《自然免疫學》中所述，研究人員對比了28名輕度
and 14 severely ill covid-19 patients, as well as 16 healthy donors.
和14名重癥新冠患者以及16名健康捐獻者的血液樣本。
The paper describes a "robust" T-cell response in infected people and, as with the Icelandic work,
該論文描述了感染人群中T細胞的“強勁”反應，以及和冰島的研究一樣，
different responses in those who developed mild and severe cases of the illness.
輕重病癥患者的不同反應。
Specifically, mild cases were characterised by more CD8+ cells, which kill infected cells directly, rather than CD4+ ones,
具體來說，輕度病例的特征是更多的CD8+細胞，它們直接殺死感染細胞，而不是CD4+細胞，
which regulate the immune response more generally. The MRC study found T-cells that could recognise eight separate parts of the virus,
調節免疫反應的細胞。MRC研究發現，T細胞能夠識別這種病毒的八個不同部分，
including the spike protein that allows it to penetrate human cells. That target list could offer useful hints for refining vaccines in future.
包括讓其滲透人類細胞的纖突蛋白。這一目標清單可以為今后改進疫苗提供有用的線索。
Al Edwards, an immunologist turned biochemical engineer at the University of Reading (who was not involved with either paper), is cautiously optimistic.
從免疫學家轉行為雷丁大學生化工程師的Al Edwards（他沒有參與這兩篇論文的撰寫）對此持謹慎樂觀態度。
The immune response to the disease seems to be working roughly as expected, he says.
免疫系統對這種疾病的反應似乎和預期的大致一樣。
If that continues, then vaccines developed to trigger long-lasting immunity should work—at least in theory.
如果繼續下去，那么研制出能夠觸發長期免疫的疫苗應該會起作用——至少在理論上是這樣。
In practice, it is still too early to celebrate. Dr Edwards warns that immunology has never been a predictive science.
實際上，現在慶祝還為時過早。Edwards博士警告稱免疫學從來就不是一門預測科學。
There is no test that can show definitively that a vaccine will work short of actually trying it in the real world.
沒有任何測試可以明確表明，在缺乏現實嘗試的情況下，疫苗能夠發揮作用。
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