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Butterflies engaged in all of these heat-minimising activities even when the researchers blindfolded them.
即使研究人員蒙住它們的眼睛，蝴蝶也會進行所有這些減少熱量的活動。
That suggested the relevant sensors were on the wings themselves.
這表明相關傳感器是在翅膀上。
Dr Yu and Dr Pierce therefore searched those wings for likely looking sensory cells.
因此虞博士和Pierce博士在這些翅膀中尋找可能的感覺細胞。
They found some, in the form of neurons that resembled heat detectors known from other insects.
他們發現了一些神經元，類似于其他昆蟲的熱探測器。
They also uncovered disc-shaped cells that appeared, again by resemblance, to be pressure-sensitive neurons.
他們還發現了圓盤狀的細胞，它們看起來也像壓力敏感的神經元。
They speculate that these are there to detect deformation of the wing—information an insect could use to control its flight pattern.
他們推測這些是用來檢測翅膀的變形——昆蟲可以利用這些信息來控制飛行模式。
The third discovery Dr Yu and Dr Pierce made to contradict the "dead wing" hypothesis
虞博士和Pierce博士用于反駁“死翅膀”假說的第三個發現
was that some butterfly wings have a heartbeat. Anyone who has looked closely at a butterfly will know that its wings have veins.
是有些蝴蝶的翅膀有心跳。凡是仔細觀察過蝴蝶的人都知道它的翅膀上有血管。
These carry a bloodlike fluid called haemolymph.
這些翅膀上攜帶一種叫做血淋巴的血液狀液體。
For a long time, entomologists thought the only role of the veins was, by being pumped full of haemolymph,
在很長一段時間里，昆蟲學家認為，血管的唯一作用是在蝴蝶破繭而出后，
to inflate the wings to full stretch after a butterfly emerged from its chrysalis.
通過向翅膀充入大量的血淋巴，使翅膀充分伸展。
More recently, it was discovered that haemolymph continues to flow through the veins throughout the insect's life.
最近發現在昆蟲的一生中，血淋巴一直在血管中流動。
Dr Yu and Dr Pierce have now found that in male hairstreaks the haemolymph shows a pulse of several dozen beats per minute.
虞博士和Pierce博士發現在雄性毛發中，血淋巴每分鐘搏動幾十次。
The source of this pulse appears to be the scent pad, a dark spot on the wings that produces the female-attracting pheromones.
這種跳動的來源似乎是氣味墊，即翅膀上產生吸引磁性信息素的黑點。
Apparently, this "wing heart" acts as a pump that helps propel haemolymph through the scent pad.
顯然，這個“翅膀心臟”就像一個泵，幫助推動血液淋巴通過氣味墊。
In all their experiments simulating different environmental conditions,
在所有模擬不同環境條件的實驗中，
Dr Yu and Dr Pierce consistently found that, regardless of pigmentation, the living areas of a butterfly's wings—
虞博士和Pierce博士都發現，不論色素沉著與否，蝴蝶翅膀的活性區域—
which cluster around the veins and are presumably nurtured by them—were always cooler, by up to 10-15°C,
它們圍繞在血管周圍，可能是由血管滋養的——總是比它們之間沒有生命的薄膜
than the lifeless membranes between the veins.
溫度低10到15攝氏度。
The cause, they discovered, was that different parts of the wing are covered by different sorts of scales.
他們發現，原因是翅膀的不同部位覆蓋著不同種類的鱗屑。
In particular, scales over the scent pads are penetrated by tubes.
尤其是氣味墊上的鱗屑被菌管穿透。
This improves their ability to radiate heat away and helps keep the living parts of a butterfly's wing alive.
這提高了它們散熱的能力，并有助于保持蝴蝶翅膀的活性部分。
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