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Delegates in Madrid drew up guidelines for environmentally sound trading principles for this putative market.
在馬德里的代表們?yōu)檫@個(gè)假定的市場(chǎng)制定了無害環(huán)境的貿(mào)易原則準(zhǔn)則。
What they did not make clear was how all this would connect with what Kyoto had already achieved.
他們沒有弄清楚的是，這一切將如何與《京都議定書》已經(jīng)取得的成果聯(lián)系起來。
The Kyoto version of carbon markets, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM),
京都版本的碳市場(chǎng)，清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制（CDM）
let rich countries buy carbon credits from poor countries for carbon-capturing projects that offset their emissions at home.
讓富國從窮國購買碳信用額，用于碳捕獲項(xiàng)目，以抵消它們國內(nèi)的碳排放。
Thousands of CDM projects were duly registered, but unknown numbers of credits were left unclaimed after their value crashed in 2012,
數(shù)千個(gè)CDM項(xiàng)目正式注冊(cè)，但在2012年它們的價(jià)值暴跌后，數(shù)量不詳?shù)奶夹庞妙~無人認(rèn)領(lǐng)，
because demand dried up as a result of rule changes within the EU.
因?yàn)闅W盟內(nèi)部規(guī)則改變導(dǎo)致需求枯竭。
Some of the main participants in the CDM, chiefly Brazil, want these credits transferred to the Paris scheme.
CDM的一些主要參與國，主要是巴西，希望將這些碳信用額轉(zhuǎn)移到巴黎計(jì)劃。
But doing so would flood that scheme with "hot air": credits that no longer correspond to real, future reductions in emissions.
但這么做會(huì)讓那個(gè)項(xiàng)目充滿“空話”：信用額不再與實(shí)際的未來減排相一致。
Done well, international carbon markets could accelerate emissions cuts
如果做得好，國際碳市場(chǎng)可以通過
by drawing in private funds and helping money to flow faster to the cheapest opportunities.
吸引私人資金和幫助資金更快地流向最廉價(jià)的機(jī)會(huì)來加速減排。
One analysis, by the Environmental Defence Fund, an advocacy group,
宣傳小組，美國環(huán)保協(xié)會(huì)的一名分析師發(fā)現(xiàn)
found that they might, in theory, reduce the cost of meeting climate targets by between 59% and 79%, assuming most countries participated.
理論上講，如果大部分國家參與其中，那么它們可能會(huì)將實(shí)現(xiàn)氣候目標(biāo)的成本降低59%到79%。
If financial gains were reinvested in further climate action, cumulative emissions cuts between 2020 and 2035
如果將經(jīng)濟(jì)獲益再投資于進(jìn)一步的氣候行動(dòng)，那么2020年到2035年間的累計(jì)減排
might be double those currently on the table in national pledges under the Paris agreement.
可能是目前各國根據(jù)《巴黎協(xié)定》所作承諾的兩倍。
All this leaves a lot to do in 2020. Within the UN, technical work on carbon markets will resume in the new year, leading up to next year's meeting, in Glasgow.
所有這些都讓2020年有很多事要做。在UN，碳市場(chǎng)的技術(shù)工作將于明年恢復(fù)，為明年在格拉斯哥舉行的會(huì)議做準(zhǔn)備。
Climate is also on the agenda at an EU-China summit scheduled for September.
氣候問題也是9月份中歐峰會(huì)的議程之一。
During his presidency, Barack Obama was able to work with China's president, Xi Jinping,
巴拉克·奧巴馬在任期間，他可以和中國國家主席習(xí)近平合作
and break the stalemate that had previously existed between the world's two largest emitters.
打破世界上兩個(gè)最大的排放國之間已存在的僵局。
With America set to pull out of the Paris agreement in November, perhaps the European Union can step into the gap.
隨著美國于11月退出巴黎協(xié)議，或許歐盟可以填補(bǔ)這一缺口。
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