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The sensors are attached to transmitters that communicate with receivers at the edges of the playing field.
傳感器安裝在發(fā)射器上，發(fā)射器與賽場邊緣的接收器進行通信。
By monitoring the time it takes for signals to arrive at different receivers, and applying a little mathematics,
通過檢測信號到達不同接收器所需的時間，再應用一些數(shù)學知識，
it is possible to work out where a player is on the pitch at any given moment, and how quickly he got there.
我們可以知道在某個特定時刻，一名運動員所處的位子以及他移動到這里的速度。
Such data, says Mr Macdonald, are attractive to teams looking for an edge over the competition.
Macdonald表示，對于那些希望在競爭中尋找優(yōu)勢的團隊來說，這些數(shù)據(jù)頗具吸引力。
Previous efforts have relied on the Global Positioning System of satellites, which offers much lower accuracy.
之前的努力依靠的是全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)，其精度要低得多。
The firm has tested its technology with several professional clubs, including Saracens, the reigning champions in the English Premiership.
該公司已經(jīng)與幾家專業(yè)俱樂部進行了技術測試，其中包括英格蘭超級聯(lián)賽的衛(wèi)冕冠軍，薩拉森人。
Where the fun starts, though, is when similar sensors are put into the ball.
有趣的是，類似的傳感器也會被放進橄欖球里。
It can then, metaphorically, squawk if passed forward (which is illegal in rugby),
打個比方，如果球向前傳（這在橄欖球比賽中是違法的），它就會發(fā)出響而粗的叫聲
and there will be no doubt, by comparing the positions of ball and player, when a player is offside.
毫無疑問，當一個球員越位時，通過比較球員和球的位置可以看出。
A smart ball will be able to monitor other rules, too.
一只聰明的橄欖球也能監(jiān)控其他規(guī)則。
It was, for instance, tested successfully in a five-a-side version of the game called Rugby X,
例如，在一場被稱為Rugby X的五人版比賽中，曾對它進行過一次成功的測試，
in which you are not allowed to kick the ball higher than ten metres.
在該場比賽中，是不允許把球踢到10米以上的。
Since few referees are equipped with theodolites, enforcing this rule has been hard. Now it is easy.
由于很少有裁判配備了經(jīng)緯儀，因此執(zhí)行這一規(guī)則很困難。現(xiàn)在就很簡單了。
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