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In practice, few optical systems other than eyeglasses rely on single lenses.
實際上，除了眼鏡，很少有光學系統依賴于單透鏡。
Usually, different lenses with different properties are stacked on top of each other to remove aberrations
通常不同性能的不同透鏡疊加在一起是為了消除像差
and achieve full-colour wide-angle images. Dr Yu's lenses can be stacked in this way, too.
并實現全色廣角圖像。虞博士的透鏡也可以這樣疊加。
By sandwiching three of them together, he has created a triplet that achieves almost all the control of light waves
通過將三個透鏡疊加，他創造出了一種三重透鏡，幾乎可以控制所有的光波
that would be expected of bigger and heavier glass-lens systems.
這是更大更重的玻璃透鏡系統的期望。
Besides saving weight and volume, Dr Yu's flat lenses also promise to be cheaper to mass produce than the conventional sort.
除了重量和體積，虞博士還承諾他的平面透鏡比批量生產的傳統類型更便宜。
Grinding and polishing a glass lens is complex and time-consuming.
眼鏡片拋光打磨復雜又耗時。
Flat lenses are made using nanolithographic techniques, which are also employed for making computer chips.
平面透鏡使用納米光刻技術，制作電腦芯片也是用這種技術。
Given these advantages, flat lenses could replace their bulkier counterparts anywhere that cost or weight is an issue
鑒于這些優勢，平面透鏡可以取代價格或重量都成問題的笨重的同類產品，
—meaning pretty-well everywhere from microscopes and cameras, to pairs of spectacles.
—相當于所有顯微鏡和照相機以及眼鏡都能替代。
Flat lenses still need development before they can truly replace their glass counterparts.
平面透鏡在真正替代它們的同類之前還需要進一步發展。
In current designs, only around half of the light falling on a flat lens triplet makes it through to the other side.
在目前的設計中，只有大約一半落在一個平面透鏡三聯體上的光線能穿透至另一邊。
The rest is reflected or absorbed by the material. In a typical glass lens, by contrast, at least 90% of the light passes through.
剩余的都被材料反射或吸收了。相反，在一個傳統玻璃鏡片中，至少90%的光線都能穿過去。
However, the researchers hope that, by tweaking the shapes and positions of the antennae, they will be able to improve on this.
但研究人員希望，通過調整天線的形狀和位置，他們可以改善這一點。
In theory, there is no limit to the size of a lens that could be made using Dr Yu's techniques.
理論上講，使用虞博士的技術制成的透鏡是沒有大小限制的。
But there are practical challenges in making ever-larger lenses that would work well in full colour.
但是要制造出在全彩情況下都能正常工作的更大透鏡，還面臨著一些實際挑戰
In particular, the bigger the lens, the more challenging it becomes to design the correct shape and distribution of antennae.
尤其是，透鏡越大，設計天線的正確形狀和分布就越具有挑戰性。
These technical obstacles will no doubt be overcome—and probably quite quickly,
這些技術障礙毫無疑問將被克服—并且可能很快就被克服，
given the interest the project has attracted from America's armed forces.
因為這個項目得到了美國軍隊的青睞。
Meanwhile, flat lenses for smaller applications are already on course
同時，應用于小型設備的平面透鏡已步入正軌
to become the biggest innovation for manipulating rays of light since someone, thousands of years ago,
這將成為繼數千年前，某人首次將一塊透明晶體磨成豆科種子的形狀之后
first ground a piece of transparent crystal into the shape of a leguminous seed.
的一次操縱光線的最大創新。
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