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After a while this can result in collective self-delusion that this pretence is actual work.
一段時間后，這可能會導致集體的自我欺騙，認為這種偽裝是真正的工作。
But presenteeism has more serious consequences. It is perhaps most prevalent in Japan,
但是出勤有更嚴重的后果。這可能在日本最為普遍，
where people attend the office even when they are in discomfort.
在日本，即使身體不適，人們也會出勤。
In doing so, they are doing neither themselves nor their employers any favours.
這樣做對他們自己和雇主都沒有任何好處。
As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer.
這么做會增加雇主的醫療開支，還會降低生產力。
According to a study in the Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine,
根據《Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine》中的一項研究，
these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers.
對雇主來說，這些成本可能是工人曠工成本的6倍。
To take one example, research published in the British Medical Journal found that
舉個例子，發表于《British Medical Journal》一項研究發現
Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain.
患有腰背痛的日本員工去上班的可能性是英國員工的三倍。
As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression.
因此，那些員工有可能經歷更加劇烈的疼痛并患上抑郁癥。
What could be more dispiriting than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?
還有什么比在工作中陷入痛苦更令人沮喪的呢？
None of this is to say that employers are not entitled to expect workers to be in the office for a decent proportion of time.
但這并不是說雇主沒有權利要求員工在辦公室待適當比例的時間。
Inevitably there will be a need for some (preferably short) meetings.
公司不可避免地要舉行一些（最好是時間較短的）會議。
Dealing with colleagues face-to-face creates a feeling of camaraderie,
面對面地與同事相處能產生一種同志情誼，
allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their mutual needs.
有助于有益的思想交流，還能讓員工對彼此的需求有更好的感受。
In the grand sweep of humanity, presenteeism is a recent phenomenon.
在人類進程中，出勤是一個近期現象。
Before the industrial era, most people worked in their own farm or workshop and were paid for the amount they produced.
工業時期以前，大部分人都在自家農場或作坊工作，按照自己的生產量賺工資。
Factories emerged because new machines were much more efficient than cottage-industry methods,
由于新機器比家庭手工業更高效，所以工廠出現了，
and only a large employer with capital could afford them.
只有擁有資本的大雇主才能買得起新機器。
Suddenly, workers were paid not for their output but for their time, and were required to clock in and out.
突然，工人們工資不是看他們的產出，而是看他們的時間，同時還被要求按表上下班。
But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is portable. It can be used as easily at home as in the office.
但是像智能手機和筆記本電腦這樣的現代機器是便攜式的。在家和在辦公室都能輕松使用。
Turning an office into a prison, with inmates allowed home for the evenings,
把辦公室變成監獄，允許犯人晚上回家，
does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated.
這么做對創造力沒任何好處，隨著日常工作的自動化，對辦公室工作人員創造力的要求越來越高。
To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.
想要富有成效，需要出席的是精神，而不是肉身。
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