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Mutualism then is a kind of symbiosis, um, a specific type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit somehow.
而互惠共生也是一種共生關系，一種具體類型的共生關系，在這種關系中兩種生物在某種程度上都有所受益。
So your book is correct. Now, I want to make it clear that, um,
所以你看的書也沒錯。我要說清楚的是，
the positive result from being in a mutualistic relationship doesn’t have to be equal for both organisms.
這種共生關系中產生的積極結果對兩種生物來說不一定是平等的。
It’s not a one-to-one ratio here, is everyone with me so far?
不是一比一的，大家目前都聽懂了嗎？
Symbiosis, general term; mutualism, a narrower or more specific kind of symbiosis.
共生關系是一種廣義的術語，而互惠共生是一個狹義的或者更具體的共生類型。
Okay. Now, let’s take a close look at mutualistic relationships, um,
我們來仔細看看互利關系，
I’ll start off by describing a case of mutualism that involves a certain butterfly species found in South Africa and Australia.
我從介紹一個互惠共生的案例開始吧，這個案例與在南非和澳大利亞發現的一種蝴蝶有關。
It’s a good example of how dependence on a mutualistic relationship can vary.
這在說明對互利關系的依賴程度有多么不同方面是個很好的例子。
OK, there’s this butterfly family and I’ll spare you the fancy Latin name because it is not important for our purposes here.
有一個族群的蝴蝶，這個蝴蝶的拉丁語名字太花哨了，我就不說了，因為這對我們現在的目的不太重要。
Uh, I’ll call them Coppers and Blues, well, because most members of this family have blue or copper colored wings.
我就叫它們藍銅蝴蝶吧，因為大部分這種蝴蝶都有藍色或銅色的翅膀。
I think this is one of the most interesting cases of mutualism,
我覺得這是互惠共生案例中最有趣的之一，
these butterflies require the presence of ants to complete their life cycle, their interaction with ants is obligatory.
這些蝴蝶需要有螞蟻的參與才能完成它們的生命周期，它們與螞蟻的互動是強制性的。
