評論
打印
Business: Schumpeter: Mafia Management
商業：熊彼得：黑幫的管理
The crime families of Naples are remarkably good at business.
那不勒斯犯罪集團經商有道。
An easy way to revive a flagging dinner party is to ask people to name their choice of the greatest crime show.
讓意興闌珊的晚宴重拾活力的一個好方法便是問問大家心中最好的犯罪劇集是哪部。
Is it “The Wire”, with its intricate portrait of Baltimore’s underworld? Or “The Sopranos”? Or perhaps “Breaking Bad”?
是用錯綜復雜的故事勾勒出巴爾的摩底層社會的《火線》？還是《黑道家族》？亦或是《絕命毒師》？
Now there is a new contender for the prize — “Gomorrah”, a drama about a collection of Italian gangs known as the Camorra that run a criminal empire from their base in Naples.
最近在眾多犯罪類電視劇中又殺出一匹黑馬——《格莫拉》，該劇講述了發源于意大利那不勒斯的犯罪帝國克莫拉的故事。
“Gomorrah” has been Italy’s most talked-about television series since its release two years ago.
這部電視劇上映于兩年前，一直是意大利的熱播劇。
It has been sold in 50 countries and the first episode premiered on America’s Sundance TV this week.
如今已在50多個國家發行。本周，該劇將于美國圣丹斯電視臺首映。
The series is far darker than the other three.
《格莫拉》的劇情較上文提及的幾部劇集更為黑暗。
The gangsters aren’t lovable monsters like Tony Soprano, just monsters.
幫派成員不是托尼·瑟普拉諾（《黑道家族》男主角）那樣讓人愛恨交織的壞蛋，而是純粹的惡棍。
It is more realistic.
這部劇由此也更為現實。
The author of the book behind the series, Roberto Saviano, has been in hiding since the Camorra issued a death warrant against him in 2006.
該劇原著作者羅伯特·薩維亞諾自從克莫拉于2006年對其發出死亡通牒后就一直東躲西藏。
Filming of the series in gritty Neapolitan neighborhoods was interrupted by local violence.
影片在環境惡劣殘酷的那不勒斯地區拍攝時也曾由于當地人暴亂而一度暫停。
One of the most striking things about the Camorra is how good they are at business.
克莫拉最引人注目的一點就是其精湛的商業本領。
They have taken over from the Sicilian Mafia as Italy’s foremost crime syndicate, partly owing to the Italian state’s move to clamp down on the Cosa Nostra from the mid-1990s.
其龐大商業帝國的建成部分得益于意大利政府在20世紀90年代中期對美國黑手黨的鎮壓，他們成功從西西里黑手黨那里接管了意大利首要犯罪組織。
The Camorra’s strategy of focusing on drugs, particularly cocaine, has also paid off.
他們將重點放在毒品交易，尤其是可卡因，這個商業策略也非常成功。
The group runs much of Europe’s drug trade, including the continent’s largest open-air narcotics market in Secondigliano, in the north-east of Naples.
克莫拉包攬了歐洲大部分地區的毒品交易，包括位于那不勒斯東北部斯坎迪亞諾這個歐洲最大公開毒品交易市場。
The syndicate appears to be organized like a typical corporation, with descending levels of power.
這個犯罪集團像大公司一般組織的井井有條，權力層層下放。
There is a top tier of senior managers who determine strategy and allocate resources; a second tier of middle managers who purchase and process the product; a third level of sales chiefs who co-ordinate distribution; and a fourth grade of street salesmen who deliver the product directly to customers.
頂層有高級經理進行戰略決策和資源分配，中層經理負責采購以及對產品進行加工，第三層的銷售主管負責協調分銷，第四層的街頭銷售負責直接向客戶交付產品。
The group employs all the usual supply- chain-management methods.
集團采用了常見的供應鏈管理模式。
Its leaders source drugs from around the world (cocaine from Latin America, heroin from Afghanistan and hashish from north Africa) and make sure that alternatives are in place in case of disruption.
最高領導則負責從世界各地尋找貨源（拉美的可卡因，阿富汗的海洛因以及北非的大麻）同時還要保證一旦供給發生中斷替代性方案可隨時就位。
They do some things outstandingly well.
某些方面他們做的非常好。
Operating outside Italy’s growth-killing labor rules, the Camorra can be fleet-footed.
他們罔故意大利遏制勞動力增長的勞動規章，迅速壯大隊伍。
A loose alliance of about 115 gangs, with around 500 members each and numerous associates, they can swiftly assemble a work-force of whatever size is needed, or shift from one line of business to another in a ?ash.
115個幫派結成的松散聯盟，每個聯盟包括500位成員以及數不清的非正式成員，他們可以按照所需迅速組成各種規模的團體，或者瞬間切換業務線。
They are best-in-class when it comes to renewing talent and ideas.
他們在招募有能之士和觀念更新方面能力超群。
Whenever entrenched managers balk at moving into new markets, as the older Camorra bosses did when drugs came along in the 1980s, they are replaced by a younger generation.
那些站穩了腳跟、習慣了固守一隅的經理們一旦在開拓新市場時畏畏縮縮，就會立馬被年輕人所取代，就像19世紀80年代，在毒品剛出現時，踟躕不前的大佬們的下場一樣。
Paolo Di Lauro, the former head of one of the most powerful clans, and the model for Don Pietro in “Gomorrah”, is arguably one of the most innovative business people Italy has produced in recent years (since 2005 he has been held in solitary confinement in a maximum-security prison) .
《格莫拉》劇中堂彼得的原型，即當時最具權勢的幫派老大Paolo Di Lauro，他可以說是意大利近年來最具創新精神的商人（自2005年起他就被單獨收押在最高安全級別的監獄里）。
As well as coordinating the drug trade with Colombia, he designed the group’s successful franchise system, in which it treats distributors like franchisees who are responsible for their own turf rather than as mere employees.
他不僅促成了與哥倫比亞的毒品貿易，還設計了集團特許經營系統，這個系統極為成功，它將分銷商都變成了特許經銷商，他們可以各自管轄自己的地盤而不只是做一個雇員。
譯文屬譯生譯世
