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certitude
【考法 1】 n. 確信無疑： the state of being or feeling certain
【例】 I believes with certitude that he is the best candidate for the job. 我確信他是這項工作的最佳人選。
【近】 assurance, assuredness, certainty, confidence, conviction, doubtlessness, positiveness, sureness, surety
【反】 doubt, dubiety, incertitude, uncertainty 不確定
channel
【考法 1】 n. 水渠： an open man-made passageway for water
【例】 Water was drained from the swamp through a specially constructed channel. 這塊沼澤通過一條特殊建造的水渠源源不斷地向外輸水。
【近】 aqueduct, canal, conduit, course, flume, racecourse, raceway, watercourse, waterway
【考法 2】 n. 海峽： a narrow body of water between two land masses
【例】 the world record for swimming the channel between Alaska and Chukotskiy 橫渡阿拉斯加和楚科奇之間海峽（也即白令海峽）的世界紀錄
【近】 narrows, neck, sound, strait
【考法 3】 vt. 將…導向，投入： to cause to move to a central point or along a restricted pathway
【例】 a youth who channeled all of his energy into sports 一個將畢生精力都投入體育之中的少年
【近】 canalize, channelize, conduct, direct, funnel, pipe, siphon
chivalrous .
【考法 1】 adj. 有騎士風度的，（尤指對女性）彬彬有禮的： marked by gracious courtesy and high-minded consideration(especially to women)
【例】 still engages in chivalrous behavior, such as opening doors for people 仍然堅持著有風度的行為，比如幫別人開門
【近】 big, elevated, gallant, great, greathearted, high, high-minded, lofty, lordly, magnanimous, natural, sublime
【反】 base, debased, degenerate, degraded, ignoble, ignominious, low 品行低劣的，可鄙的
【派】 chivalry n. 騎士風度
chorale
【考法 1】 n. 贊美詩： a hymn or psalm sung to a traditional or composed melody in church
【例】 practiced a chorale to perform in church 練習吟唱要在教堂表演的贊美詩
【近】 anthem, canticle, carol, hymn, paean, psalm, spiritual
【考法 2】 n. 合唱班，合唱團： an organized group of singers
【例】 a chorale that is regarded as being among the best in the state 一個被認為是國內一流的合唱班
【近】 choir, chorus, consort, ensemble
clamor .
【考法 1】 n. 喧鬧，喧嘩，噪聲： loud, confused, and usually inharmonious sound
【例】 A clamor arose from the crowd as the prisoner was brought forward. 當犯人被帶上前臺時，人群中爆發出一陣騷動。‖the clamor of a dozen people practicing the trumpet at once 一群人同時練習小號時發出的噪音
【近】 blare, bluster, cacophony, clangor, discordance, howl, racket, rattle, roar, tumult, uproar, vociferation
【反】 quiet, silence, still, stillness 寂靜；calm, lull, serenity, tranquility 寧靜，祥和
【派】 clamorous adj. 喧鬧的
clan
【考法 1】 n. （有共同愛好的）團體，幫派： a group united by a common interest or common characteristics
【例】 That clan of football fans has parties every weekend on which the New England Patriots play. 只要是新英格蘭愛國者隊有比賽的周末，那幫球迷就會舉行聚會。
【近】 body, bunch, circle, clique, community, coterie, coven, crowd, fold, network, pack, ring, set
【反】 clannish adj. 派系的；團結的
cleave .
【考法 1】 vi. 緊貼，堅持： to adhere firmly and closely or loyally and unwaveringly
【例】 You should resolutely cleave to the facts in your report. 你應該在報道中堅持客觀的原則。
【近】 adhere, cling, hew, stick
【反】 defect 叛變
【考法 2】 vt. 分隔，割裂： to divide by or as if by a cutting blow
【例】 His spade cleaved the firm sand with a harsh crunch. 他的鍬鑿開了堅實的砂土，發出尖銳刺耳的嘎扎聲。
【近】 cut, decouple, disconnect, disjoin, dissever, dissociate, divide, part, ramify, sever, slice, split, sunder
【反】 join, link, unify, unite 連接，接合
cling
【考法 1】 n. 粘結，粘合： a physical sticking to as if by glue
【例】 For certain types of materials that plastic wrap has very little cling. 對于某些材料，那種塑料保鮮袋的粘性不好。
【近】 adherence, bonding, cohesion
【考法 2】 vi. 緊貼，支持： to adhere as if glued firmly
【例】 a dozen magnets clinging to the refrigerator 貼靠在冰箱門上的磁石‖continued to cling to the old ideas of child rearing long after they had gone out of fashion 仍然堅持關于撫養孩子的老觀念，盡管它們已經過時
【近】 adhere, cleave, hew, stick
【反】 defect 叛變
cohesive
【考法 1】 adj. 有粘性的，有凝聚力的： exhibiting or producing cohesion or coherence
【例】 a cohesive social unit有凝聚力的社會個體‖cohesive soils 有粘性的土壤
【近】 adherent, adhesive, clingy, gluey, glutinous, gummy, tacky, tenacious, viscid
【反】 non-adhesive, non-viscous 無粘性的
【派】 cohesion n. 粘結；凝聚力
collaborate
【考法 1】 vi. 合作： to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor
【例】 The two men collaborated on a blockbuster in 1986 which gained both of them fame. 兩人在 1986 年合作出演了一部十分賣座的電影，由此獲得了巨大的名聲。
【近】 band, concert, cooperate, concur, conjoin, conspire, join, league, unite
【反】 stonewall 拒絕合作
【派】 collaboration n. 合作，協作
vt. 限制，約束 adj. 受限制的，有限的，保密的
