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Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.
聽一段考古學課程
We will be looking at the original settlement of the Americas next, and I'll spend the next few classes talking about the Clovis people and the two big questions archaeologists have about them.
我們接下來會講美洲上的原始定居，我會花幾節課的時間講講克洛維斯人，和考古學家們對此提出了兩個重要問題。
The two big questions are, when did the Clovis people arrive in the Americas? And of course, were they the first people in the Western hemisphere?
這兩個問題是，克洛維斯人是什么時候到達美洲的？當然了，還有一個問題是，他們是西半球的第一批人嗎？
And we'll get to that.
我們會講到那兒的。
But for today, let's try to get an idea about, well, a question that's not addressed as much as the others and that's—what was their culture like?
但今天，我們來看一個不那么經常提及的問題——克洛維斯人的文化是怎樣的？
And how do we figure that out?
我們怎么才能知道呢？
Now, again, there's a great debate about when the Clovis people first arrived in the Americas.
重申一遍，關于克洛維斯人最初到達美洲是在什么時候，人們爭論不休。
And I am not like a lot of archaeologists who want to push the number way back, so let's use a round number and probably a safe number and say 11,000 years ago.
我可不像很多想把數字往前推的考古學家，我們就用個整數吧，且這個數字比較保險，11000年前。
The Clovis people were likely settling North America 11,000 years ago.
克洛維斯人可能在11000年前定居北美洲。
And leave it at that for now.
先放一放。
Now, most of what we know about the Clovis people comes from one of their tools—the Clovis point.
我們對克洛維斯人的大部分認知都來自于他們的一種工具——克洛維斯石矛頭。
When we talk about a point we are referring to a piece of stone that's worked to a sharp point, in this case probably to be attached to a spear.
我們說矛頭的時候，我們所指的都是一塊被加工成尖頭的石塊，在這種情況下，很可能是要接在矛上的。
The Clovis point may be the most analyzed artifact in archaeology.
克洛維斯石矛頭可能是考古學中被分析得最多的器物了。
And the point used by Clovis people differs slightly from later points, in the way that the base of the stone is thinned.
克洛維斯人的矛頭和后期的矛頭有些不同，克洛維斯矛頭的石基座是薄的。
Uh, it's thinner toward the base, the part that's attached to the spear.
即越接近基座（接在矛上的一端）越薄。
So when one is found, it's usually not confused with points made by later groups .
所以一旦人們發現了克洛維斯矛頭，通常不會把它和后期別的矛頭混起來。
Clovis points have been discovered at both hunting grounds and camp sites, which you might expect.
你們也能猜到，在捕獵點和扎營地點都發現了克洛維斯矛頭。
But another fascinating place we find them is in Clovis caches.
但在另一個有趣的地點也發現了矛頭——克洛維斯人的貯藏點。
A cache is just something stored or hidden away.
貯藏物即被儲存或藏起來的東西。
It's also the term for the place where it's hidden.
這個詞也可指藏物地點。
The Clovis caches are collections of tools, stone points and other tools made of stone or bone, often at various stages of manufacture, some were left unfinished.
克洛維斯貯藏物是指一系列包括石矛頭和其它用石頭或骨頭做的工具，完成程度各有不同，有些還未完工。
The traditional explanation is that these were emergency supplies, uh, meant to be used at a later time.
傳統的解釋是，這些都是緊急物資，是為以后準備的。
