With a higher temperature and more moist conditions, the process of organic matter decomposition speeds up.
有了更高的溫度和更濕潤(rùn)的條件,有機(jī)物分解過(guò)程就加快了。
In other words, organic matter gets broken down and added into the soil more quickly in these gaps than in the surrounding forest.
換句話(huà)說(shuō),這些空地上的有機(jī)物分解并進(jìn)入土壤的速度比周?chē)纳指臁?/p>
OK. And the third cause—trees being uprooted.
第三個(gè)原因——樹(shù)被連根拔起。
When a tree is uprooted, it might fall into some other trees on its way down, thus falling only partway over.
當(dāng)一棵樹(shù)被連根拔起,它很可能會(huì)在向下倒時(shí)倒在其它樹(shù)上了,變成半倒不倒的樣子。
Or it might crash all the way down to the forest floor.
或者它也可能在倒向森林地面的途中把別的樹(shù)都撞倒了。
Either way, if its roots are pulled up from out of the ground as the tree topples over, then there's usually a big hole, a pit left in the ground where the roots used to be.
哪種都好,如果樹(shù)木在倒下時(shí)把樹(shù)根從地里拔起來(lái),地面通常會(huì)有個(gè)大洞,在原來(lái)樹(shù)根所在地留下一個(gè)坑。
And there's still a lot of soil attached to the roots, clinging to the roots.
在樹(shù)根上還有很多附著的泥土。
As that soil is eventually shed from the roots by rain and wind and the movement of squirrels climbing around, things like that.
由于下雨和刮風(fēng),還有松鼠爬來(lái)爬去等,最終這些泥土?xí)臉?shù)根上掉落。
Um... as the soil is shed, it drops down and forms a little hill of dirt, a mound.
泥土脫落后會(huì)往下掉,形成小土堆。
Pits and mounds have significantly different soil properties than other areas in the forest.
比起森林其它地區(qū),土坑和土堆的土壤性質(zhì)有著顯著不同。
You get a redistribution and mixing of soil as deep roots are ripped up from the ground.
土地深處的樹(shù)根被拔起時(shí),土壤會(huì)重新分布,或混在一起。
Rock fragments can be pulled up too, if they've gotten entangled with the roots over the years.
假如多年以來(lái)有石塊和樹(shù)根纏在一起了,這些石塊也可能會(huì)被拔起來(lái)。
So rock fragments from the subsoil can end up concentrated on the surface.
所以地下土層的石塊可能最后會(huì)在地表聚集。
There are forests management implications I want to point out. Forests management impacts soil quality.
這些都是我想指出的森林管理可能的影響。森林管理會(huì)影響土壤質(zhì)量。
And when we better understand pedodiversity, we will be better able to predict the impact of forest management on soil.
(如果)我們對(duì)土壤多樣性更了解,我們就能更好地預(yù)測(cè)森林管理對(duì)土壤的影響了。
But in general, for positive impact, forest management practices should mimic natural forest processes.
但總體來(lái)說(shuō),若想產(chǎn)生積極影響,森林管理實(shí)踐應(yīng)模仿自然森林過(guò)程。
And the goal should be to promote pedodiversity, and through this, biodiversity in general.
其目標(biāo)應(yīng)是提升土壤多樣性,從而總體提升生物多樣性。
I have a handout, an article on pedodiversity in a section of forests near here.
我有一份材料,是一篇講附近森林的土壤多樣性的文章。
I want you to read it, because it makes a point that I've only touched on.
我希望你們能看完這篇文章,因?yàn)檫@里面所提到的觀點(diǎn),我才僅僅涉及了表面。
From what I have been saying about the causes of pedodiversity, you might assume that the relationship between forest dynamics, what happens to the trees, and pedodiversity is a one-way street.
從我所提到的土壤多樣性的原因,你們可能會(huì)覺(jué)得森林動(dòng)態(tài)(樹(shù)木都發(fā)生了什么)和土壤多樣性之間的關(guān)系是單向的。
As the article explains, forest dynamics affects pedodiversity, but pedodiversity also affects forest dynamics.
正如文章所闡釋的,森林動(dòng)態(tài)會(huì)影響土壤多樣性,但土壤多樣性也會(huì)影響森林動(dòng)態(tài)。
It's worth bearing in mind.
這值得我們注意。