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Immigration in Scotland
移民到蘇格蘭
Wish you were here
希望你早先就到這了
Immigration worries Scots less than other Britons, but that could change
相比英國其他地區，移民較少擔心蘇格蘭人（排外），但這種情況可能變化
AT THE Polish Club in Glasgow, Scots and Poles socialise easily. Many of the customers in its restaurant are Scottish, eager to try Polish food before going there on holiday, says 16-year-old Maria, who moved to Scotland eight years ago and works in the club part-time as a waitress. She, by contrast, has no desire to return. Scotland's welcome has been warm. Its government wants it to be warmer still.
在格拉斯沃的“波蘭俱樂部”中，蘇格蘭人和波蘭人相處很愉快。16歲的瑪麗婭說，這間飯館的很多顧客都是蘇格蘭人。他們在去波蘭度假之前，都很想先嘗嘗波蘭的料理。八年前她移民來到蘇格蘭，并在這家俱樂部兼職做女侍。相比較蘇格蘭，她不愿意回波蘭。蘇格蘭待客熱情。其政府也希望蘇格蘭將來更加熱情友好。
Scotland's leaders have long maintained that they need immigrants more than the rest of Britain does, both to boost the country's sparse population and to alleviate skills shortages. Between 1981 and 2003 Scotland's population declined. Most of the population growth that Scotland has seen since then has been thanks to migrants, largely from outside Britain. Scots are having fewer children and ageing more rapidly than other Britons: on current trends the Scottish population will swell by just 4% by 2062 compared with 23% for Britain as a whole, according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies. The only cohort expected to grow is the oldest one.
長久以來，蘇格蘭地區領導人都認為相比英國其他地區其更需要移民。這既能增加該地區原本稀少的人口，又能夠彌補技工短缺。從1981年到2003年，蘇格蘭人口下降。從那以后，蘇格蘭地區的人口增長大多都要歸功于英國外來的移民。相比較其他地區，蘇格蘭的兒童越來越少，其人口老化也更迅速：據財政研究所估算，就目前蘇格蘭的人口趨勢來看，到2062年為止，蘇格蘭人口將下降4%，而英國全國則減少23%。唯一增加的數據欄是老年人口一項。
If Scots vote for independence, a nationalist government promises to encourage immigration. It would offer incentives for migrants willing to move to far-flung spots. It would ease the nationwide requirement that immigrants must earn a particular salary to gain residency (currently set at ￡20,300, or $33,700) to reflect the lower cost of living there. Students would be able to stay after graduating and work for several years.
如果蘇格蘭人公投決定獨立，這個民族政權也承諾繼續鼓勵移民。政府將會激勵移民使其自愿到偏遠地區安家。目前國家關于取得移民居住權的特定收入標準也將會放寬（目前設置的是20,300英鎊或33,700美元），以表明居住在蘇格蘭成本低得多。學生在畢業后也能留得下，可以工作很多年。
Turning these aspirations into a workable immigration policy would be tricky. Though anxious to join the EU, Scotland's government is less keen on the Schengen travel zone, which allows non-EU citizens to travel on a single visa. It wants to remain part of the Common Travel Area, like the Republic of Ireland, which imposes minimal border controls. Robert Wright, an economist at Strathclyde University who has advised the government on demography, is unconvinced this pick-and-mix approach to EU membership would work.
這些愿景若要成為一套行得通的移民政策也不現實。盡管渴望加入歐盟，蘇格蘭政府對加入申根區組織卻沒那么有興趣。這個組織允許非歐盟公民可憑一個護照游遍全歐。蘇格蘭想繼續遵守共同旅游區協議，就像愛爾蘭共和國那樣將邊境控制降到最少。斯特拉思克萊德大學的經濟學家羅伯特.賴特在人口政策上給政府提供咨詢。他不相信用類似拼湊式的手段能取得歐盟的成員資格。
And this would be one of many strains on Scotland's relationship with the rest of Britain. Different immigration policies in two countries that share a land border could result in stricter controls, including passport checks between them. Humza Yousaf, Scotland's minister for external affairs and international development, denies they would be necessary. Scotland would have border management, he stresses, not border guards. But xenophobic English politicians may disagree.
而這只是蘇格蘭與英國其余地區諸多聯系中的一個。如果毗鄰的兩個國家采用不同的移民政策，邊境的控制將十分嚴格。其中就包括核查對方護照。蘇格蘭對外事務和國際發展部部長哈姆扎.尤薩夫否定這些關聯不可或缺。他強調，蘇格蘭將來很可能實施的是邊境管理而非邊界警衛。但排外的英國政治家應該有不同意見。
If the nationalists lose the independence vote, London could be minded to devolve further powers to Scotland, perhaps including over immigration. Mr Wright argues there is scope for more regional diversity. In Canada, immigration requirements are eased if people agree to live in less popular provinces.
如果民族主義者在獨立公投中失敗，倫敦就有意進一步向蘇格蘭下放權力。當中可能包括移民方面。賴特認為地區多樣性的操作空間會越來越大。在加拿大，如果移民同意居住在人口較稀少的省份，移民資格就會放寬一些。
Scots are somewhat less resistant to immigration than other Britons. Some 58% want fewer migrants in Scotland. Fully 75% of English and Welsh people want fewer in their countries, says a report by the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford. And Scots are more sanguine. Just 21% identify immigration as one of the most important issues facing the country, lower than the British average of 33%, according to Ipsos MORI, a pollster.
牛津大學的移民觀察站的一份報告稱，某種程度上蘇格蘭人沒有英國其他地區那般排斥移民。約58%的人希望蘇格蘭少點移民。而英國和威爾士則有75%的人希望自己的地區移民數量少點。蘇格蘭人更樂觀一些。民意調查機構“莫里調查”發現，只有21%的人認為移民是本地區面臨的至為關鍵的問題之一，比全英平均33%的比例要低的多。
That equanimity stems in part from the fact that migrants in Scotland are not especially common. More than half of its “foreign” residents come from other parts of Britain. Attitudes to immigrants tend to be softest where newcomers are scarce, as in Scotland, or very numerous, as in London. They harden in between those extremes. In eastern England, for example, where eastern Europeans are increasingly numerous, 38% fume about immigration. If Scotland manages to entice more foreigners, it will enter this difficult middle territory. The warm Scottish welcome could cool.
這份淡定部分是源于這樣一個事實，即蘇格蘭的移民還沒那么常見。約一半的“國外”移民來自英國的其他地區。國外新移民越少的地方，對移民的態度也就越溫和，如蘇格蘭地區；而越多的地方，人們也是如此，比如倫敦。在這兩個端點之間，民眾就冷酷的多。比如英格蘭東部地區東歐人口迅速增加，38%的人對移民有怨言。如果蘇格蘭成功吸引更多移民，其將陷入這個尷尬的中間區域。蘇格蘭人的溫暖歡迎會變冷。翻譯：王化起 校對：邵夏沁
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