評論
打印
Mining in Turkey
土耳其采礦進行時
Death underground
地下墓地
The tragedy in Soma will also be felt in politics
在索瑪鎮發生的悲劇將在政治斗爭中再次上演
TURKEY'S prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, faces public fury after the country's worst-ever industrial accident. At least 282 miners died after an explosion at the Soma mine in the western province of Manisa on May 13th. Rescue workers battled to rescue hundreds more feared to be trapped in galleries where fires continued to rage. More than 350 were saved. Taner Yildiz, the energy minister, declined to say exactly many people were inside the mine when the accident happened.
在土耳其發生了最慘痛的工業事故后，總理雷杰普·塔伊普·埃爾多安（Recep Tayyip Erdogan）面臨著民眾的暴怒。自5月13日在土耳其西部馬尼薩省的索瑪煤礦發生一起爆炸事故之后，至少有282名礦工死亡。救援人員奮力搶救被困于地道的數百名群眾，而這個地道的火勢還在不斷增大。逾350人被成功營救。當事故發生后，土耳其能源部長塔內爾·耶爾德茲 (Taner Yildiz) 拒絕公布身處在礦井內部的準確礦工人數。
A stream of dead miners, faces blackened by coal, were pulled out, as crowds of stricken relatives strained to identify loved ones. “Our hopes are fading,” Mr Yildiz conceded. Most of the dead were killed by carbon monoxide poisoning. The government announced three days of national mourning. Mr Erdogan cancelled a trip to Albania to go to Soma, where he pledged a thorough investigation, was booed, and sought refuge in a shop, only to scuffle with furious protesters.
一部分被煤塊染黑面部的遇難礦工被救出礦井，同時他們的親人也在努力辨認他們的親人。“我們的希望正在消逝，”耶爾德茲承認道。遇難者主要喪生于一氧化碳中毒。政府宣布全國哀悼三日。埃爾多安取消了對阿爾巴尼亞的訪問而奔赴索瑪礦難現場，在礦難現場他許諾徹查事故原因，民眾卻對其許諾嗤之以鼻，當時他遭到情緒激動的反對者的圍攻，在一間商店里得以暫時的庇護。
The Soma accident will focus new attention on Turkey's dismal coal-mining safety record. Nearly 600 miners have died since 1983, before this week. “Eighty percent of these could have been avoided if necessary safety measures had been taken,” fumed Mahmut Arslan, chairman of the Hak Is workers' confederation. “The priority is not safety but profitability.” Turkey's economy is energy-hungry: the bill for energy imports is second to China's.
索瑪事故將重新聚焦土耳其煤礦安全的慘淡記錄。在這周之前，自1983年起已有將近600名礦工喪生?！叭绻扇∫恍┍匾陌踩胧?，這些人中的80％可能會避免遇難，”工人聯合會Hak Is的主席Mahmut Arslan氣憤的說道。“當務之急不是安全而是收益問題?！蓖炼涫悄茉磪T乏的經濟模式：能源進口量僅次于中國。
The labour ministry gave the Soma mine a clean bill of health in March. On a visit last year, Mr Yildiz heaped praise on it. Yet Ozgur Ozel, a deputy from the opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), petitioned the parliament in April to launch fresh inspections, saying he had been inundated with complaints from his constituents about safety conditions. His bid was rejected by Mr Erdogan's Justice and Development (AK) party. Citing European figures from the mid-19th century, Mr Erdogan insisted such accidents were “natural” and happened “all over the world”. In so doing he “revealed the truth that we [Turkey] are a century behind the times,” tweeted Sezin Oney, a liberal commentator.
勞動部于3月份給出了一份索瑪礦井的安全問題的詳細清單。在去年的一次視察中，Yildiz對此礦井還給予了高度贊揚。然而一位來自反共和黨的代表Ozgur Ozel，請求國會于4月份進行一次新的視察，他說他總是收到他的選民關于安全設施問題的投訴。他的請求遭到了埃爾多安的正義與發展黨（AK黨）的拒絕。引證19世紀中期歐洲的數據統計，埃爾多安堅持認為這種事故是“自然的”并且發生在“世界各地”。他這樣做“暴露出了我們（土耳其）生活的時代落后于當前一個世紀，”一個自由評論員Sezin Oney在他的推文上這樣說。
The disaster may yet unleash more mass protests of the kind that rocked Turkey last summer. These were prompted by government plans to build a shopping mall over Gezi park in Istanbul. Hundreds of protesters have already clashed with police, calling the Soma accident “murder” and demanding that the government resign. In the Istanbul metro commuters played dead on platform floors in solidarity with the miners. The trade unions and the pro-Kurdish People's Democracy Party separately called for a nationwide strike on May 15th. All this is unwelcome news for Mr Erdogan who, buoyed by AK's big win in the March 30th local elections, has set his sights on the Turkish presidency when it comes up for grabs in August.
這次的災難可能再引起更大規模的類似于去年夏季的土耳其動亂的抗議活動。而這暴亂的主因是政府計劃將伊斯坦布爾的格茲公園改建為一個大型購物中心。數以百計的抗議者已與警方發生沖突，聲討這樁索瑪事件的“謀殺案”并且要求政府下臺。在伊斯坦布爾的地鐵乘客們，在月臺上扮死狀以響應團結那些礦工。工會和前庫爾德人民民主黨分別于5月15日發動全國性罷工。這些消息令埃爾多安頗為不快。埃爾多安是正值3月30日地方選舉勝出的AK黨（正義與發展黨）所支持的，他已將他的目標鎖定于將在8月開展爭奪的土耳其總統這個職位上。
His critics, now led by Fethullah Gulen, Turkey's most influential Muslim cleric, who commands an empire of schools and media outlets from self-imposed exile in Pennsylvania, will seize on the Soma tragedy. A campaign centred on corruption claims linking Mr Erdogan and his family to shady property deals and kickbacks from business cronies is said to have been masterminded by Gulenists in the police and in the judiciary. Mr Erdogan has launched what he admits is “a witch hunt”, demoting and reshuffling hundreds of Gulenists within the bureaucracy.
他的批評者們，如今由Fethullah Gulen——這位土耳其最有影響力的穆斯林傳教者領導，他曾掌控賓夕法尼亞各大學校和媒體機構，將緊密關注索瑪慘劇。一場圍繞腐敗的指控發起的運動，據說是由警方和司法部門的葛蘭主義者所策劃的，而這些指控都將埃爾多安和他的家庭與秘密的房地產交易和從商人密友那收取回扣等事件有染。埃爾多安已發動他所承認的“一個政治迫害”，就是在官僚機構內部對數以百計的葛蘭主義者進行降職和調整。
In Soma he warned against “extremists seeking to exploit this tragedy.” Yet even pro-AK commentators have called for the energy and labour ministers to go.
在索瑪，然而即使前AK黨評論員已經要求能源和勞工部長們前去礦難現場。他仍警告那些“試圖利用這次礦難的極端分子?！?譯者：張娣 校對：王紅兵
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