1. We have substantial evidence for lodging a claim.
我們有足夠的證據提出索賠。
還能這樣說：
There are sound evidences for us to make a claim.
It is proved evidently that we can register a claim.
應用解析：
in evidence 顯而易見的，清楚的，明顯的；
on the evidence of sth. 用某事物作為證據

2. What exactly is the problem with the latest lot?
最近這一批貨究竟出了什么問題？
還能這樣說：
What happened to the latest commodity?
What's matter with the latest commodity?
應用解析：
problem指說話者認為難以解決的問題，它與動詞solve或settle（解決）搭配；
而question指說話者需要尋找答案的問題，它常與ask或answer連用。

3. We hope you will effect a full settlement of our claim.
我們希望貴方能圓滿地解決我們所提出的索賠。
還能這樣說：
I hope you will accept our claim.
I hope that you can settle the problem about the claim.
應用解析：
have a claim on 有對……要求權；
set up a claim to sth. 聲明對……的權利；提出對……的要求

4. The quality of the fertilizer is inferior to that stipulated in the contract.
化肥質量次于合同中規定的。
還能這樣說：
The quality of the fertilizer is worse than that described in the contract.
The quality of the fertilizer doesn't match the quality stipulated in the contract.
應用解析：
be inferior to 在……之下，次于，不如；
be sb.'s inferior in 在……方面不及某人；
inferior by comparison 相形見絀