重點講解：
1. self-sufficient
（國家或團體）自給自足的，自立的；
eg. This enabled the country to become self-sufficient in sugar.
這使得該國的食糖能自給自足。
eg. Using traditional methods poor farmers can be virtually self-sufficient.
采用傳統的方法，貧窮的農民基本上能自給自足。
2. tear up
摧毀，拆毀，毀壞；
eg. Dozens of miles of railway track have been torn up.
好幾十英里的鐵軌被毀壞了。
eg. The company came under furious attack from environmentalists for tearing up the forests.
由于破壞了森林，這家公司受到環境保護主義者的猛烈抨擊。
3. replace with
以…取代；以…接替；
eg. We've replaced the old adding machine with a computer.
我們用電腦取代了老式的加法計算器。
eg. Later, most executives reduce their need for celebrity and replace it with a desire for reputation.
在這以后，大部分經理減少了對出名的要求，代之以對聲望的向往。
4. upon
用于名詞疊用，表示數量多；
eg. Row upon row of women surged forwards.
一排排的女人涌上前去。
eg. I looked across the mountains, ridge upon ridge.
我放眼綿延起伏的群山。
5. kill off
全部殺死；滅絕；
eg. This spray will kill off any pests or insects.
這種噴霧能夠消滅任何的害蟲或者昆蟲。
eg. These figures kill off any lingering hopes of an early economic recovery.
這些數字徹底扼殺了人們對經濟早日復蘇所抱的一線希望。