042.
Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and settled in New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle nineteenth century. After writing many letters seeking admission to medicial schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. So determined was she that she taught at school and gave music lessons to earn money for her study. In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye illness forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1957 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another female doctor managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first female doctor and founding her own hospital, she also set up the first medical school for women.

答案解析：
(1) 正確答案為B。根據she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia.最終她在費城得以學習醫學。可知，伊麗莎白是在費城上的醫學院，因此B項正確。
(2) 正確答案為A。根據She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye illness forced her to give up the idea. 她想成為一名外科醫生，但是嚴重的眼疾迫使她放棄了這個想法。可知，迫使伊麗莎白放棄成為外科醫生的是眼疾，因此A項正確。
(3) 正確答案為C。根據she also set up the first medical school for women.她建立了首家女子醫學院。因此可知，伊麗莎白的貢獻是她建立了首家女子醫學院，因此C項正確。