30CHAPTER NINE

第九章

GOING PUBLIC

上市

A Man of Wealth and Fame

名利雙收

Options

期權(quán)紛爭

When Mike Markkula joined Jobs and Wozniak to turn their fledgling partnership into the Apple Computer Co. in January 1977, they valued it at $5,309. Less than four years later they decided it was time to take it public. It would become the most oversubscribed initial public offering since that of Ford Motors in 1956. By the end of December 1980, Apple would be valued at $1.79 billion. Yes, billion. In the process it would make three hundred people millionaires.

1977年1月，馬庫拉加入了喬布斯和沃茲尼亞克的生意，將這兩個新手創(chuàng)立的事業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變成了蘋果計算機公司（AppleComputerCo.），當時他們對公司的估價是5309美元。過了不到4年，他們認為公司上市的時機到了。蘋果公司造就了自1956年福特汽車之后，超額認購最為火爆的首次公開募股（IPO）。到1980年12月底，蘋果的估值已高達17.9億美元。沒錯，是“億”，它也讓300個人變成了百萬富翁。

Daniel Kottke was not one of them. He had been Jobs’s soul mate in college, in India, at the All One Farm, and in the rental house they shared during the Chrisann Brennan crisis. He joined Apple when it was headquartered in Jobs’s garage, and he still worked there as an hourly employee. But he was not at a high enough level to be cut in on the stock options that were awarded before the IPO. “I totally trusted Steve, and I assumed he would take care of me like I’d taken care of him, so I didn’t push,” said Kottke. The official reason he wasn’t given stock options was that he was an hourly technician, not a salaried engineer, which was the cutoff level for options. Even so, he could have justifiably been given “founder’s stock,” but Jobs decided not to. “Steve is the opposite of loyal,” according to Andy Hertz-feld, an early Apple engineer who has nevertheless remained friends with him. “He’s anti-loyal. He has to abandon the people he is close to.”

丹尼爾·科特基卻不在其中。他一直都是喬布斯的摯友，兩人一起讀大學，一起去印度，一起待在團結(jié)農(nóng)場，一起經(jīng)歷了克里斯安·布倫南的懷孕風波。蘋果公司還在喬布斯的車庫時，他就加入了公司，到公司上市時，他仍然以時薪員工的身份在那里工作。但是他的級別不夠髙，無法獲得IPO之前獎勵給員工的股票期權(quán)。“我完全相信史蒂夫，我想，他會像我以前照顧他那樣地照顧我，所以我沒有催促他。”科特基說。官方對此給出的理由是：科特基是一名領時薪的技術(shù)人員，不是領固定薪水的工程師，而只有全職的工程師才可以得到期杈獎勵。然而即便如此，他也完全有資格獲贈一些“發(fā)起人股”，但喬布斯對這些一直陪伴在自己身邊的人十分冷漠。“史蒂夫就是忠誠的反義詞，”蘋果公司早期的工程師、一直與喬布斯保持著朋友關(guān)系的安迪·赫茨菲爾德說，“他完全處在忠誠的對立面，他總會拋棄那些和自己親近的人。

Kottke decided to press his case with Jobs by hovering outside his office and catching him to make a plea. But at each encounter, Jobs brushed him off. “What was really so difficult for me is that Steve never told me I wasn’t eligible,” recalled Kottke. “He owed me that as a friend. When I would ask him about stock, he would tell me I had to talk to my manager.” Finally, almost six months after the IPO, Kottke worked up the courage to march into Jobs’s office and try to hash out the issue. But when he got in to see him, Jobs was so cold that Kottke froze. “I just got choked up and began to cry and just couldn’t talk to him,” Kottke recalled. “Our friendship was all gone. It was so sad.”

科特基決定守在喬布斯的辦公室外，當面請他解決這個問題。但每次碰面，喬布斯都對他置之不理。“最讓我難過的是，史蒂夫從沒跟我說過我沒有資格得到期權(quán)，”科特基說，“作為朋友，他有義務告訴我。我問到關(guān)于股票的事情，他就讓我去跟我的經(jīng)理談。”IPO之后過了大約6個月，科特基終于鼓起勇氣，沖進喬布斯的辦公室，想要解決這個問題。但當他走進辦公室后，喬布斯的冷漠讓他呆住了。“我氣瘋了，大哭了起來，再也說不出話來。”科特基回憶，“我們的友誼在那一刻徹底破裂了，太傷心了。”

Rod Holt, the engineer who had built the power supply, was getting a lot of options, and he tried to turn Jobs around. “We have to do something for your buddy Daniel,” he said, and he suggested they each give him some of their own options. “Whatever you give him, I will match it,” said Holt. Replied Jobs, “Okay. I will give him zero.”

設計出電源的工程師羅德·霍爾特分到了很多股票期杈，他試圖讓喬布斯改變主意。“我們必須為你的朋友丹尼爾做點兒什么。”他說，并且建議他們兩人從自己的期杈中拿出一部分送給科特基。霍爾特說：“你給他多少，我就給他多少。”喬布斯說好的。我什么都不給他。”

Wozniak, not surprisingly, had the opposite attitude. Before the shares went public, he decided to sell, at a very low price, two thousand of his options to forty different midlevel employees. Most of his beneficiaries made enough to buy a home. Wozniak bought a dream home for himself and his new wife, but she soon divorced him and kept the house. He also later gave shares outright to employees he felt had been shortchanged, including Kottke, Fernandez, Wigginton, and Espinosa. Everyone loved Wozniak, all the more so after his generosity, but many also agreed with Jobs that he was “awfully na?ve and childlike.” A few months later a United Way poster showing a destitute man went up on a company bulletin board. Someone scrawled on it “Woz in 1990.”

沃茲尼亞克在處理此事的態(tài)度上，自然是與喬布斯截然不同的。在蘋果的股票公開上市之前，他就把自己期權(quán)中的2000份以極低的價格賣給了40名中層員工。大多數(shù)受益人都賺到了足夠買一套房子的錢。沃茲尼亞為自己和新婚妻子買下了一幢夢幻般的屋子，但她很快與他離婚并得到了房子。后來，他又把自己的股份贈與了那些在他看來受到了不公正待遇的員工，包括科特基、費爾南德斯、威金頓和埃斯皮諾薩。所有人都喜歡沃茲尼亞克，在他的慷慨捐贈之后更加如此，但很多人也同意喬布斯對他的評價，認為他“極其天真幼稚”。幾個月后，公司的公告板上出現(xiàn)了一張聯(lián)合慈善總會（UnitedWay）的海報，畫面上是一個窮困潦倒的人。有人在海報上涂鴉道：“1990年的沃茲。”

Jobs was not na?ve. He had made sure his deal with Chrisann Brennan was signed before the IPO occurred.

喬布斯可不天真。在IPO之前，他已經(jīng)簽好了和克里斯安·布倫南之間的協(xié)議。