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SAT作文素材:哲學(xué)與思想

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  SAT作文素材我們?cè)谇懊嬉呀?jīng)提到過(guò)很多了,比如有政治方面的,有發(fā)明創(chuàng)造、生物醫(yī)學(xué),還有名人生平,這些SAT作文素材對(duì)于我們的SAT寫作有很大的幫助,使我們的文章形象生動(dòng),有例證做依托,而不光是空洞的理論,只有理論的文章是沒(méi)有任何說(shuō)服力的,今天我們?cè)賮?lái)看一類SAT寫作素材——哲學(xué)與思想。

  1088:The first university

  The first university with the authority to grant degrees arose in Bologna, Italy from student guilds and societies of scholars seeking protection from an intolerant church and government. Universities in Paris and Oxford were formed shortly thereafter, creating largely secular and democratic centers of learning that began to challenge the beliefs of the church and state, and nurture the development of human thought.

  1897:The birth of psychoanalysis

  German psychologist Sigmund Freud revolutionized the process of psychoanalysis for the treatment of mental illness. He popularized the concepts of anxiety and repression and introduced the idea of early childhood development of sexual feeling. Although his ideas are highly controversial and impossible to prove, terms such as "Oedipus complex" captured the collective imagination and equipped psychoanalysts with a new school of thought.

  ImmaturityThe immaturity of young children may deter them from making moral discrimination about harmful actions committed against or others. Many scientific research prove that young children do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm and that it is difficult for young children to differentiate between unforeseeable and foreseeable, and thus preventable harm.

  愛(ài)因斯坦與波爾關(guān)于相對(duì)論的爭(zhēng)論

  One need look no further than the famous Einstein-Bohr Debate on determinacy - indeterminacy of quantum theories. On one hand, Einstein believed that quantum physics would eventually be replaced by a more determinate theory. Bohr, on the other hand, accepted the finality of the probability-based quantum theory. Their debate brought about chaos theory, which finally solved the debate by proposing wave-particle duality. When viewed from this perspective, the Einstein-Bohr debate evaporates. Depending on which part of the spiral we look, Bohr or Einstein will appear correct.

  批評(píng)的作用(理證)

  Receiving criticism can be a direct path to making yourself look good. Everyone is subject to it, from the person in the mailroom to the CEO of the organization. No one likes it, but everyone would be wise to hear it with an open mind. You can learn more about how to improve in your work and life through criticism than through many other channels.

  Most criticism is intended to help you do your job, even live your life, better. It is meant to be useful and constructive. Some criticism is unfair, unjust and unkind. It is not meant to help you improve in any way; it is intended to hurt you, make you angry and wreck your day. Don't let it. The smart person treats all criticism in the same objective way, learning from it what he or she can and discarding the rest. The foolish person allows himself or herself to be manipulated into being angry or responding defensively, thereby losing whatever benefit he might have gained, and looking unprofessional and undignified in the process.

  個(gè)人主義

  Individualism holds that every person is an end in himself and that no person should be sacrificed for the sake of another. Collectivism holds that the needs and goals of the individual are subordinate to those of the larger group and should be sacrificed when the collective good so requires.

  Individualism holds that the individual is the unit of achievement. While not denying that one person can build on the achievements of others, individualism points out that achievement goes beyond what has already been done; it is something new that is created by the individual.

  Collectivism, on the other hand, holds that achievement is a product of society. In this view, an individual is a temporary spokesman for the underlying, collective process of progress.

  In fact, the concept of individualism does not make sense in the absence of other human beings. Individualism and collectivism are contrasting views of the relationship between the individual and the group. Individualism is called ``individualism'' not because it exhorts the individual to seek a life apart from others, but because it asserts that the individual, and not the group, is the primary constituent of society.

重點(diǎn)單詞   查看全部解釋    
differentiate [.difə'renʃi.eit]

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vt. 識(shí)別,使差異,求導(dǎo)數(shù),區(qū)分,區(qū)別對(duì)待

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thereby ['ðɛə'bai]

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adv. 因此,從而

 
grant [grɑ:nt]

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n. 授予物,補(bǔ)助金; 同意,給予
n. 財(cái)產(chǎn)

 
underlying [.ʌndə'laiiŋ]

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adj. 在下面的,基本的,隱含的

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preventable [pri'ventəbl, pri:-]

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adj. 可預(yù)防的;可阻止的;可防止的

 
psychologist [sai'kɔlədʒist]

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n. 心理學(xué)家

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whim [wim]

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n. 一時(shí)的興致,突然的念頭;奇想,幻想

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knowledgeable ['nɔlidʒəbl]

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adj. 博學(xué)的,有見(jiàn)識(shí)的

 
assume [ə'sju:m]

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vt. 假定,設(shè)想,承擔(dān); (想當(dāng)然的)認(rèn)為

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misleading [mis'li:diŋ]

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adj. 令人誤解的

 
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