As he thought about the microprocessor—a chip that had an entire central processing unit on it—he had an insight. He had been designing a terminal, with a keyboard and monitor, that would connect to a distant minicomputer. Using a microprocessor, he could put some of the capacity of the minicomputer inside the terminal itself, so it could become a small stand-alone computer on a desktop. It was an enduring idea: keyboard, screen, and computer all in one integrated personal package. “This whole vision of a personal computer just popped into my head,” he said. “That night, I started to sketch out on paper what would later become known as the Apple I.”

當(dāng)他想到微處理器時(shí)——也就是帶有一整塊中央處理單元的芯片——他有了一個(gè)想法。他一直在設(shè)計(jì)一臺(tái)終端機(jī)，帶有鍵盤(pán)和顯示器，可以連接到一臺(tái)小型機(jī)上。利用一枚微處理器，他就可以將小型機(jī)的一部分性能轉(zhuǎn)移到終端機(jī)上，這樣終端機(jī)就可以變成一臺(tái)獨(dú)立的小型臺(tái)式機(jī)。這個(gè)主意在他腦海中縈繞了很久：鍵盤(pán)、屏幕、計(jì)算機(jī)整合在一套個(gè)人裝置中?！拔夷X子里就突然冒出來(lái)這個(gè)關(guān)于個(gè)人電腦的設(shè)想，”他說(shuō)，“那天晚上，我開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)后來(lái)成為AppleI計(jì)算機(jī)的草圖。”

At first he planned to use the same microprocessor that was in the Altair, an Intel 8080. But each of those “cost almost more than my monthly rent,” so he looked for an alternative. He found one in the Motorola 6800, which a friend at HP was able to get for $40 apiece. Then he discovered a chip made by MOS Technologies that was electronically the same but cost only $20. It would make his machine affordable, but it would carry a long-term cost. Intel’s chips ended up becoming the industry standard, which would haunt Apple when its computers were incompatible with it.

起初他打算使用與阿爾泰上一樣的微處理器，英特爾8080。但每一枚芯片“比我一個(gè)月的房租還貴”，所以他就開(kāi)始尋找替代品。他找到了摩托羅拉6800，他有一個(gè)在惠普工作的朋友能以40美元一枚的價(jià)格搞到。之后他又找到了MOS科技公司（MOSTechnologies）制造的一款芯片，在電子特性上與摩托羅拉6800是一樣的，但每枚只要20美元。這樣一來(lái)他的機(jī)器的價(jià)格就會(huì)更低廉，讓人買(mǎi)得起，但也為此付出了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的代價(jià)——英特爾的芯片后來(lái)成為了行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而蘋(píng)果的電腦因?yàn)榕c之不兼容而飽受困擾。

After work each day, Wozniak would go home for a TV dinner and then return to HP to moonlight on his computer. He spread out the parts in his cubicle, figured out their placement, and soldered them onto his motherboard. Then he began writing the software that would get the microprocessor to display images on the screen. Because he could not afford to pay for computer time, he wrote the code by hand. After a couple of months he was ready to test it. “I typed a few keys on the keyboard and I was shocked! The letters were displayed on the screen.” It was Sunday, June 29, 1975, a milestone for the personal computer. “It was the first time in history,” Wozniak later said, “anyone had typed a character on a keyboard and seen it show up on their own computer’s screen right in front of them.”

每天下班以后，沃茲尼亞克就回到家，一邊看電視一邊吃晚飯，然后就回到惠普公司連夜研究他的計(jì)算機(jī)。他把零件散布在他的小隔間里，搞清楚它們放置的部位，然后焊到主板上去。之后他開(kāi)始編寫(xiě)軟件程序，能夠讓微處理器在屏幕上顯示圖像。因?yàn)槌袚?dān)不起使用電腦的花費(fèi)，他所有的代碼都是手寫(xiě)的。幾個(gè)月之后，他準(zhǔn)備好測(cè)試了?！拔以阪I盤(pán)上按了幾個(gè)鍵，然后就震驚了！那些字母都顯示在了屏暮上?！蹦翘焓?975年6月29日，星期天，個(gè)人電腦歷史上具有里程碑意義的時(shí)刻?！澳鞘菤v史上第一次，”沃茲尼亞克后來(lái)說(shuō)，“一個(gè)人在鍵盤(pán)上按下幾個(gè)字符，然后在自己面前的屏幕上看到它們立刻被顯示了出來(lái)?！?/span>

Jobs was impressed. He peppered Wozniak with questions: Could the computer ever be networked? Was it possible to add a disk for memory storage? He also began to help Woz get components. Particularly important were the dynamic random-access memory chips. Jobs made a few calls and was able to score some from Intel for free. “Steve is just that sort of person,” said Wozniak. “I mean, he knew how to talk to a sales representative. I could never have done that. I’m too shy.”

喬布斯也大吃一驚。他連問(wèn)了沃茲尼亞克好幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：這臺(tái)電腦能聯(lián)網(wǎng)嗎？是否有可能添加一塊磁盤(pán)作為存儲(chǔ)器？他還開(kāi)始幫沃茲尼亞克找來(lái)零件。最為重要的就是DRAM（動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)芯片）。喬布斯打了幾個(gè)電話(huà)，就免費(fèi)從英特爾得到了一些芯片?！笆返俜蚓褪悄菢拥娜?，”沃茲尼亞克說(shuō)，“他知道怎么跟銷(xiāo)售代表說(shuō)話(huà)。我就不行，我太羞澀了?！?/span>

Jobs began to accompany Wozniak to Homebrew meetings, carrying the TV monitor and helping to set things up. The meetings now attracted more than one hundred enthusiasts and had been moved to the auditorium of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Presiding with a pointer and a free-form manner was Lee Felsenstein, another embodiment of the merger between the world of computing and the counterculture. He was an engineering school dropout, a participant in the Free Speech Movement, and an antiwar activist. He had written for the alternative newspaper Berkeley Barb and then gone back to being a computer engineer.

喬布斯開(kāi)始跟隨沃茲尼亞克一起參加家釀?dòng)?jì)算機(jī)俱樂(lè)部的會(huì)議，他背著顯示器幫忙組裝。這個(gè)會(huì)議已經(jīng)吸引了100多個(gè)狂熱愛(ài)好者，會(huì)議地點(diǎn)也轉(zhuǎn)移到了斯坦福線(xiàn)性加速器中心的大禮堂，之前喬布斯和沃茲也正是在這個(gè)中心找到了那本幫助他們制造藍(lán)盒子的電話(huà)系統(tǒng)手冊(cè)。會(huì)議由另一位反主流文化與計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)融合的代表人物李·費(fèi)爾森施泰因（LeeFelsenstein）主持，他手拿指示器，態(tài)度隨意自由。他是工程學(xué)院的輟學(xué)生，曾經(jīng)參加過(guò)言論自由運(yùn)動(dòng)，也是一名反戰(zhàn)分子。他也曾為地下報(bào)紙《伯克利芒刺報(bào)》（BerkeleyBarb）寫(xiě)過(guò)文章，之后又干回老本行，成為了一名電腦工程師。

Woz was usually too shy to talk in the meetings, but people would gather around his machine afterward, and he would proudly show off his progress. Moore had tried to instill in the Homebrew an ethos of swapping and sharing rather than commerce. “The theme of the club,” Woz said, “was ‘Give to help others.’” It was an expression of the hacker ethic that information should be free and all authority mistrusted. “I designed the Apple I because I wanted to give it away for free to other people,” said Wozniak.

每次會(huì)議開(kāi)場(chǎng)，費(fèi)爾森施泰因都會(huì)進(jìn)行一個(gè)“映射”環(huán)節(jié)，發(fā)表一些簡(jiǎn)短的評(píng)論，然后由一名指定的愛(ài)好者進(jìn)行正式的演示，最后是“隨機(jī)存取”環(huán)節(jié)，大家隨意走動(dòng)，互相交流。沃茲由于太害羞，通常不會(huì)在會(huì)上發(fā)言，但大家在會(huì)議結(jié)束后會(huì)聚集在他的機(jī)器旁，他就會(huì)很自豪地演示他的進(jìn)展。摩爾為這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部灌輸?shù)木窬褪墙粨Q與分享，而不是做買(mǎi)賣(mài)。“這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部的主題，”沃茲說(shuō)，“就是樂(lè)于奉獻(xiàn)，幫助他人?！边@是黑客倫理的一種體現(xiàn)：信息應(yīng)該是免費(fèi)的，也不能迷信權(quán)威。“我之所以設(shè)計(jì)AppleI，就是因?yàn)槲蚁氚阉赓M(fèi)貢獻(xiàn)給別人?！蔽制澞醽喛苏f(shuō)。

This was not an outlook that Bill Gates embraced. After he and Paul Allen had completed their BASIC interpreter for the Altair, Gates was appalled that members of the Homebrew were making copies of it and sharing it without paying him. So he wrote what would become a famous letter to the club: “As the majority of hobbyists must be aware, most of you steal your software. Is this fair? . . . One thing you do is prevent good software from being written. Who can afford to do professional work for nothing? . . . I would appreciate letters from anyone who wants to pay up.”

但比爾·蓋茨不是這么想的。他和保羅·艾倫完成了阿爾泰電腦的BASIC語(yǔ)言編譯器后，家釀?dòng)?jì)算機(jī)俱樂(lè)部的成員復(fù)制了該編譯器并且在沒(méi)有付費(fèi)給他的情況下相互分享，這讓蓋茨很是沒(méi)料到。于是他繪俱樂(lè)部寫(xiě)了那封著名的信：“請(qǐng)大多數(shù)業(yè)余愛(ài)好者們意識(shí)到，你們的軟件都是偷來(lái)的。這公平嗎？……你們這樣做只會(huì)讓別人不再愿意編寫(xiě)好的軟件。誰(shuí)能承受得起無(wú)償進(jìn)行專(zhuān)業(yè)的工作？……如果有誰(shuí)愿意付錢(qián)的話(huà)，給我來(lái)信，我會(huì)很感激。”