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If you follow football, hockey, soccer, or boxing, then you know that athletes in these and other contact sports are at constant risk for a concussion. Every season several football players miss a number of games after absorbing vicious blows to the head.
如果你喜歡橄欖球、橄欖球、足球或是拳擊運動，那么你就會很清楚這些以及其他接觸性運動中的運動員常處于腦震蕩的危險境地。每個賽季都有數(shù)名橄欖球運動員由于頭部遭受劇烈沖擊而缺席接下來的一系列賽事。
A concussion is a blow to the head that can result in temporary confusion, amnesia, nausea, dizziness, blurred vision, and loss of consciousness.
腦震蕩是頭部受到撞擊而導致的，可能造成暫時性思維混亂，失憶，嘔吐，眩暈，視覺模糊以及失去意識。
Although a single concussion does not appear to result in structural brain damage or swelling of the brain, repeated concussions can cause both.
盡管一次腦震蕩不會導致大腦結構性損傷或導致腦水腫，但是數(shù)次腦震蕩可能引起上述兩種情況同時出現(xiàn)。
Concussions are caused in one of two ways: either by the head hitting a hard surface, or by the head spinning suddenly. Take, for example, a common incident during a football game. The quarterback is hit, falls backwards, and bangs his head on the turf.
造成腦震蕩的原因不外乎是這兩種中的一種：頭部撞到硬物，或者頭部突然旋轉。以橄欖球賽比較普遍的事件為例，四分衛(wèi)觸地得分，朝后方倒下，其頭部就會猛烈撞擊到草坪上。
Although his skull stops suddenly upon impact, his brain, floating in cerebral fluid, keeps moving and hits the skull. Similarly, when a boxer gets hit in the head with a right hook, his head twists violently. The skull stops moving, but the brain keeps shaking for a few moments and may brush the skull.
盡管他的頭骨在受到?jīng)_擊時瞬間會保持不動，但是他大腦內的腦脊液仍然在晃動并不斷撞擊頭骨。同樣的，當一名拳擊手頭部受到一記右勾拳時，他的腦袋瞬間劇烈扭轉。頭骨停止移動，但是腦漿卻還會震動一會兒，并有可能摩擦到頭骨。
The result is a chemical imbalance in the brain. All the neurotransmitters in the damaged area fire simultaneously, causing an overload of chemicals that impair receptors involved in learning and memory. The flood of chemicals also constricts arteries, making it difficult for the damaged cells to get the nutrients they need to recover.
結果是腦部化學失衡。所有受損區(qū)域的神經(jīng)傳遞素同時作用，造成腦內化學物質超負荷運轉，從而損壞學習與記憶的神經(jīng)元。化學物質過多也會引起動脈收縮，導致大腦受損細胞難以吸收到利于復原的營養(yǎng)物質。
Because the brain can take as long as several weeks to recover from a concussion, it's a good idea to take a break from contact sports if you've had one.
由于腦部需要長達數(shù)周的時間來恢復腦震蕩帶來的損傷，如果你腦部受到撞擊最好還是休息一段時間再繼續(xù)參加此類接觸性運動。
