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《名人傳記》之喬布斯如何改變世界17:喬布斯設計理念的獨到之處

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Jobs started spending much of his time with Kottke and his girlfriend, Elizabeth Holmes, even after he insulted her at their first meeting by grilling her about how much money it would take to get her to have sex with another man. They hitchhiked to the coast together, engaged in the typical dorm raps about the meaning of life, attended the love festivals at the local Hare Krishna temple, and went to the Zen center for free vegetarian meals. “It was a lot of fun,” said Kottke, “but also philosophical, and we took Zen very seriously.”

喬布斯開始經常和科特基及他的女友伊麗莎白·霍姆斯(ElizabethHolmes)混在一起,盡管第一次見面時他就羞辱了伊麗莎白,他不停追問要多少錢才能讓她跟另一個男人上床。他們會一起搭便車去海邊玩,參加宿舍里關于生命意義的說唱,去當地的哈雷·克里希納寺廟參加愛心活動(lovefestivals),還會去禪宗中心吃免費的素食。“這些很有意思,”科特基說,“也極具哲學層面的意義,對于禪宗我們是非常嚴肅的。”

Jobs began sharing with Kottke other books, including Zen Mind, Beginner’s Mind by Shunryu Suzuki, Autobiography of a Yogi by Paramahansa Yogananda, and Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism by Ch?gyam Trungpa. They created a meditation room in the attic crawl space above Elizabeth Holmes’s room and fixed it up with Indian prints, a dhurrie rug, candles, incense, and meditation cushions. “There was a hatch in the ceiling leading to an attic which had a huge amount of space,” Jobs said. “We took psychedelic drugs there sometimes, but mainly we just meditated.”

喬布斯開始去圖書館,并跟科特基分享其他關于禪宗的書,包括鈴木俊隆(ShunryuSuzuki)的《禪者的初心》(ZenMind,Beginner-sMind),帕拉宏撒·尤迦南達(ParamahansaYogananda)的《一個瑜伽行者的自傳》(AutobiographyofaYogi),理查德·莫里斯·比克(RichardMauriceBucke)的《宇宙的意識》(CosmicConsciousness),以及丘揚創巴(ChGgyamTrungpa)的《突破精神唯物主義》(CuttingThroughSpiritualMaterialism)。他們在霍姆斯房間屋頂閣樓的狹小空間里開辟了一間冥想室,在里面布置了印度花布、一塊手紡紗棉毯、蠟燭、熏香還有冥想坐墊。“天花板上有一扇小門,是通向閣樓的,那里空間很大,”他說,“我們有時候在那里服用迷幻藥,但大多數時候我們只是在里面冥想而已。”

Jobs’s engagement with Eastern spirituality, and especially Zen Buddhism, was not just some passing fancy or youthful dabbling. He embraced it with his typical intensity, and it became deeply ingrained in his personality. “Steve is very much Zen,” said Kottke. “It was a deep influence. You see it in his whole approach of stark, minimalist aesthetics, intense focus.” Jobs also became deeply influenced by the emphasis that Buddhism places on intuition. “I began to realize that an intuitive understanding and consciousness was more significant than abstract thinking and intellectual logical analysis,” he later said. His intensity, however, made it difficult for him to achieve inner peace; his Zen awareness was not accompanied by an excess of calm, peace of mind, or interpersonal mellowness.

喬布斯對東方精神,尤其是佛教禪宗的信奉,并不是心血來潮或年輕人的一時沖動。他投入了他特有的那種激情,這些東西也在他的性格中根深蒂固。“史蒂夫是個十足的禪宗信徒,”科特基說,“禪宗對他的影響非常深。這一點你可以從他極簡主義的美學觀點和執著的個性上看出來。”佛教對直覺的強調也深深影響了喬布斯。“我開始意識到,基于直覺的理解和意識,比抽象思維和邏輯分析更為重要。”他后來說。然而,他的激情讓他很難實現真正的涅槃;內在的平靜、內心的平和或者說為人的圓潤這些禪修者的特質,并未在他身上有所顯現。

He and Kottke enjoyed playing a nineteenth-century German variant of chess called Kriegspiel, in which the players sit back-to-back; each has his own board and pieces and cannot see those of his opponent. A moderator informs them if a move they want to make is legal or illegal, and they have to try to figure out where their opponent’s pieces are. “The wildest game I played with them was during a lashing rainstorm sitting by the fireside,” recalled Holmes, who served as moderator. “They were tripping on acid. They were moving so fast I could barely keep up with them.”

他和科特基還喜歡玩一種源于19世紀德國的變種象棋——克里斯皮爾棋(Kriegspiel),游戲中兩名玩家背靠背坐著,每個人都有自己的棋盤和棋子,但無法看到對手的情況。旁邊會有一名仲裁員告知他們走的每一步棋是否違反規則,他們則必須想辦法弄清楚對手的棋子分布情況。“最瘋狂的一盤棋,是有一次下暴雨的時候,他們倆坐在壁爐旁,”當時作為仲裁員的霍姆斯回憶說,“他們兩個服了迷幻藥后開始下棋,下得非常快,我幾乎都跟不上他們。”

Another book that deeply influenced Jobs during his freshman year was Diet for a Small Planet by Frances Moore Lappé, which extolled the personal and planetary benefits of vegetarianism. “That’s when I swore off meat pretty much for good,” he recalled. But the book also reinforced his tendency to embrace extreme diets, which included purges, fasts, or eating only one or two foods, such as carrots or apples, for weeks on end.

還有一本書在喬布斯大一那年深深影響了他——也許影晌得有點兒過分——就是《一座小行星的新飲食方式》(DietforaSmallPlaneth)作者是弗朗西絲·摩爾·拉佩(FrancesMooreLappé),書中頌揚了素食主義對個人以及對我們整個星球的益處。“我就是那時候發誓不再吃肉的,為了自己也為了地球。”喬布斯回憶道。但這本書也進一步將他推向了極端的飲食習慣,包括催吐、禁食,或者連續幾個星期都只吃固定的一兩樣食物,比如胡蘿卜或蘋果。

Jobs and Kottke became serious vegetarians during their freshman year. “Steve got into it even more than I did,” said Kottke. “He was living off Roman Meal cereal.” They would go shopping at a farmers’ co-op, where Jobs would buy a box of cereal, which would last a week, and other bulk health food. “He would buy flats of dates and almonds and lots of carrots, and he got a Champion juicer and we’d make carrot juice and carrot salads. There is a story about Steve turning orange from eating so many carrots, and there is some truth to that.” Friends remember him having, at times, a sunset-like orange hue.

喬布斯和科特基在大一這年成為了嚴格的素食主義者。“史蒂夫比我還深陷其中,”科特基說,“他完全靠吃麥片生存。”他們會去一個農民合作社買東西,喬布斯會買一盒麥片,吃上一個星期,再買點兒散裝的健康食品。“他會買一些椰棗和杏仁,還有許多胡蘿卜,他有一臺冠軍牌榨汁機,我們會做胡蘿卜汁和胡蘿卜沙拉。曾經有個故事說史蒂夫吃了太多的胡蘿卜,皮膚都變成橘黃色了,這個故事可不完全是瞎編的。”朋友們都記得,史蒂夫的皮膚有時候會呈現出一種日落時分太陽般的橘黃色。

Jobs’s dietary habits became even more obsessive when he read Mucusless Diet Healing System by Arnold Ehret, an early twentieth-century German-born nutrition fanatic. He believed in eating nothing but fruits and starchless vegetables, which he said prevented the body from forming harmful mucus, and he advocated cleansing the body regularly through prolonged fasts. That meant the end of even Roman Meal cereal—or any bread, grains, or milk. Jobs began warning friends of the mucus dangers lurking in their bagels. “I got into it in my typical nutso way,” he said. At one point he and Kottke went for an entire week eating only apples, and then Jobs began to try even purer fasts. He started with two-day fasts, and eventually tried to stretch them to a week or more, breaking them carefully with large amounts of water and leafy vegetables. “After a week you start to feel fantastic,” he said. “You get a ton of vitality from not having to digest all this food. I was in great shape. I felt I could get up and walk to San Francisco anytime I wanted.”

喬布斯在讀過20世紀初出生在德國的營養學狂熱者阿諾德·埃雷特(ArnoldEhret)所著的《非黏液飲食治療學》(MucuslessDietHealingSystem)一書后,飲食習慣變得更加怪異。埃雷特堅信飲食中只應該包括水果和不含淀粉的蔬菜,這樣的話就可以防止身體產生有害的黏液;他還提倡定期通過長時間的絕食來清理身體。這就意味著,即使是麥片也不能再吃了一一還有所有的米飯、面包、谷類以及牛奶。喬布斯開始提醒朋友們,他們的百吉餅中也隱藏著黏液的危險。“我以我慣有的方式瘋狂陷入其中。”他說。有一次,他和科特基整個星期都只吃蘋果,之后喬布斯開始嘗試更加純粹的絕食。一開始先是兩天不吃東西,最終發展到一周甚至更長的時間,然后通過攝入大量的水和多葉蔬菜來結束絕食。“一周過后,你就會有很美妙的感覺了,”他說,“不用消化食物,可以讓你獲得很多活力。我當時狀態很好,我覺得自己隨時可以走路去舊金山。”(埃雷特56歲那年因在步行時摔倒撞擊到頭部而喪生。)

Vegetarianism and Zen Buddhism, meditation and spirituality, acid and rock—Jobs rolled together, in an amped-up way, the multiple impulses that were hallmarks of the enlightenment-seeking campus subculture of the era. And even though he barely indulged it at Reed, there was still an undercurrent of electronic geekiness in his soul that would someday combine surprisingly well with the rest of the mix.

素食主義與佛教禪宗,冥想與靈性,迷幻藥與搖滾樂——那個時代尋求自我啟迪的校園文化中,這幾樣標志性的行為,被喬布斯以一種近乎瘋狂的方式集于一身。盡管如此,他骨子里電子極客的唷流仍在涌動,并在將來的某一天與他身上的其他特質完美地結合。


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typical ['tipikəl]

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adj. 典型的,有代表性的,特有的,獨特的

 
engaged [in'geidʒd]

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adj. 忙碌的,使用中的,訂婚了的

 
aesthetics [i:s'θetiks]

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n. 美學,審美學

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stark [stɑ:k]

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adj. 僵硬的,完全的,嚴酷的,荒涼的,光禿禿的 ad

 
hatch [hætʃ]

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n. 孵化,艙口
vt. 孵,孵出

 
consciousness ['kɔnʃəsnis]

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n. 意識,知覺,自覺,覺悟

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champion ['tʃæmpjən]

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n. 冠軍,優勝者,擁護者,勇士
vt. 保衛

 
intuitive [in'tju:itiv]

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adj. 直覺的

 
intellectual [.intil'ektʃuəl]

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n. 知識份子,憑理智做事者
adj. 智力的

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bulk [bʌlk]

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n. 體積,容積,大批,大塊,大部分
vt.

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