1. On the evening of March 9th, 1567, while Mary was attending a must ball, Bothwell supervised the lighting of a fuse that at two o'clock in the morning would detonate an immense quantity of gunpowder beneath the house where Darnley was asleep.

結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：這是含有時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句。

主句是：On the evening of March 9th, 1567, Bothwell supervised the lighting of a fuse that at two o'clock in the morning would detonate an immense quantity of gunpowder beneath the house where Darnley was asleep。時間狀語從句是：while Mary was attending a must ball。

在主句中，On the evening of March 9th, 156是介詞短語作時間狀語。

在這個主句中含有一個定語從句：that at two o'clock in the morning would detonate an immense quantity of gunpowder beneath the house where Darnley was asleep。它修飾先行詞fuse。Fuse在定語從句中做主語，指代物，那么that和which都可以使用。因為是做主語，所以關(guān)系代詞這里沒有省略。

在上面的定語從句中的beneath the house beneath the house where Darnley was asleep是介詞短語作定語修飾gun powder。在這個介詞短語中含有一個定語從句：where Darnley was asleep。它修飾先行詞house。House是指代地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語，因此用where這個關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)。

2. Running through the garden in his night-shirt, Darnley ran straight into the plotters who promptly throttled him to death.

結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：這是一個含有現(xiàn)在分詞短語的復(fù)合句。

主句是Darnley ran straight into the plotters who promptly throttled him to death，現(xiàn)在分詞短語是Running through the garden in his night-shirt。

現(xiàn)在分詞短語在這里做時間狀語，我們可以將之改為時間狀語從句：after he run through the garden in his night-shirt。現(xiàn)在分詞中的in his night-shirt是介詞短語作伴隨狀況狀語。

在主句中含有一個定語從句：who promptly throttled him。它修飾先行詞plotters。先行詞在定語從句中做主語，指代人，我們可以用that或者who，文中用的是who。由于是做主語，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。