評論
打印
The International Monetary Situation (2)
國際貨幣制度(二)
Ms.Johnson and Mr.Black continue their discussion of the International Monetary System .
約翰遜小姐和布萊克先生繼續討論國際貨幣制度。
Black :Is that when the Smithsonian Agreement was signed ?
布萊克：史密森協定就是在那時簽訂的吧?
Johnson:Yes,in December 1971.Under that and subsequent agreements ,the fixed rate exchange system has been changed to a floating exchange rate system in which the value of various currencies fluctuate to restore balance-of-payments equilibrium .
約翰遜：對，是在1971年12月簽訂的。在史密森協定和隨后的一些協定的指導下，固定的外匯匯率制度轉變為浮動匯變幻無率制度。在這個制度中，以各種貨幣價值的波動來恢復國際收支差額的平衡。
B:So you mean that foreign exchange rates are new free to change according to the laws of supply and demand?
布萊克：那么，您是說，現在外匯匯率是按照供需規律自由是變化?
J:Not quite .Actually ,we now have a managed floating exchange rate system,or what many people call a dirty float system .
約翰遜：也不完全是這樣。實際上，我們現在建立了一個受管制的浮動匯率制度，即許多人稱之為：受限制的浮動外匯制度“。
This means that ,while there is a great degree of flexibility in exchange rates according to balance of payment factors,
就是說，雖然按照國際收支差額的因素，匯率有很大程度的靈活性，
central banks still intervene in the market by buying or selling large amounts of foreign currencies to prevent wide-ranging fluctuations.
但中央銀行仍然使用買進或賣出大量外幣的辦法來防止大幅度的外匯浮動，以此來干預外匯市場。
B:Why do they do this ?Wouldn't a clean float be better?
布萊克：他們為什么要這樣做呢? 不受限制的匯率浮動會不會更好些呢?
J:Well,a clean float means that the parity rate of various currencies would go up or go down to restore balance-of -payments equilibrium.
約翰遜：不受限制的匯率浮動意味著各種貨幣的比價能以漲價或跌價來恢復國際收支差額的平衡。
Therefore ,a country's international trade position could be affected by an appreciation of its currency .
因此，一個國家的外貿地位會因為它的貨幣的增值而受到影響了。
B:Oh ,I see.So governments must consider their internal fiscal and political requirements ,too.
布萊克：噢，我明白了。因此政府也必須考慮到國內的財政和政治需要。
J:Yes,that's right .That's why it takes a great deal of international cooperation to make the present system work .
約翰遜：對，是這樣的。這就是為什么需要大量國際間協作才會使得這個現行制度發揮作用。
