PROGRAMME 30

第一部分對話：排隊買票

為了觀看一場重要的足球比賽，許多人在排隊買票。Geoff Howard和他們談了話。隨后你還會聽到一對夫妻的對話。妻子在等侯丈夫，丈夫來了以后，妻子說：

Dialogue 1
英語情景對話1

WIFE：Ah，there you are!
HUSBAND：Well…where have you been?
WIFE: Where have I...? What do you mean? I've been standing here...waitingfor you!
HUSBAND: ButI'vebeen waiting foryou!
WIFE: Where?
HUSBAND:Insidethe restaurant over there.
WIFE: You mean you've been sitting down... drinking tea probably.. and I've been standing here... waiting!
HUSBAND: Yes I thought you said inside, so...
WIFE: I saidoutsidethe restaurant!
HUSBAND: Well, maybe I made a mistake... Sorry I kept you waiting.

第二部分:英語詞匯表達

a football ground足球場
a mistake 錯誤
a ticket office 售票處
a restaurant 餐館
an umbrella 雨傘
drink 喝
know about sth 知道某件事
talk to sb 和某人說話
wet 濕的
a long time 很長時間
Have you been waiting long? 你等了很久了嗎？
Sorry I kept you waiting
Sorry I've kept you waiting
對不起，讓你等了

第三部分：課程

CONNECTING THE PAST WITH

THE PRESENT連接過去與現在
我們常常需要把過去和現在聯系起來，比如要表示過去開始現在仍然繼續的事情。
在這種情況下，經常用兩種完成時態（與since或for連用）。
一種是現在完成時，其結構是：
HAVE/HAS+PAST PARTICIPLE
I have+known him since 1982.
He has+owned a car for a long time.
一種是現在完成進行時，其結構是：
HAVE/HAS+BEEN+VERB+-ING
I have+been+waiting for ages.
He has+been+talking to me since
9 o'clock.
1. THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE現在完成時
遇到表示狀態的動詞，如understand，know，like，be，要說明這一狀態在過去開始，現在仍然繼續，就用現在完成時。這一類動詞不用于現在完成進行時。
I've known him for ages．
He's been here for a long time.
I've liked her ever since I met her.
2．THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS現在完成進行時
遇到表示動作的動詞，要說明這一動作在過去開始，現在仍然繼續，就用現在完成進行時。
You've been listening since Programme 1．(You started listening to these programmes months ago and you're still listening.)
I've been living here since 1982.(I came here in 1982 and I'm still living here.)
He's been waiting for two hours. (He arrived at the ticket office 2 hours ago and he's still waiting there，)
3．SOME QUESTIONS怎樣提問
關于過去開始現在仍然繼續的動作，通常用下面兩種方法提問：
a) Have you been waiting long?
這樣的問題可以用Yes或No來回答，
如有必要還可以提供更詳細的情況。
Have you been waiting long?
- No, not long.
Has it been raining here?
- Yes.
Has he been listening to this programme since it started?
- Yes, he has.
Have you been learning English for a long time?
- Oh, yes. Since,was 12 actually.
b) How long have you been waiting?
回答這樣的問題，往往以For或Since開始。
FOR: 如果表示動作從過去到現在已經延續了多長時間，就用for
例如：For 6 months
SINCE：如果表示動作從過去某個時間開始延續到現在，就用since
例如：Since June

請看下面幾個例子：
How long have you been waiting?
- For half an hour.
How long has it been raining here?
- Since yesterday morning.
How long has he been listening to this programme?
- Since it started.
How long have you been learning English?
- Oh, for ages.

PRONUNCIATION CORNER

在日常會話里，遇到完成時態，我們往往用簡略的形式。例如：
I have = I've
He has = He's
It has = It's
How long have = How long've
Where have = Where've
在前面的詞匯表里，talk to這個短語是這樣注音的：['tɔ:k tə/tu: ...]這是因為to的讀音取決于后面的詞。
a) [tə]用在輔音前面，例如：
to John
b) [tu:]用在元音前面，例如：
to Anne
For的讀音也有類似的情況。
a) [fə]用在輔音前面，例如：
for John
b) [fər]用在元音前面，例如：
for Anne